PURPOSES : The commuting time is changing due to the changes in working style and hours. Thus, if the operating hours of parttime bus-only lanes, which are being implemented to increase on-time reliability, do not reflect the rush hour due to the changes in the commuting form, the effectiveness of part-time buses decreases. Therefore, in order to improve the punctuality of the bus, we would like to improve the operation time of part-time bus-only lanes by reflecting the rush hour according to the changes in commuting times. METHODS : Peak time was analyzed by surveying traffic volume, speed, and number of public transportation users in the curb bus lane operation section of the Daejeon Metropolitan City. The improvement effect was analyzed based on the passing speed ratio of general vehicles and buses when the implementation time of the dedicated vehicles was improved. RESULTS : The curb bus lane operation time in Daejeon was 40 min shorter than the average operating time of 2 h and 40 min in other major cities. Based on a 2 h analysis, the minimum speed occurrence time was 17:30 to 19:30, the maximum traffic occurrence time was 17:00 to 19:00, and the maximum number of passengers was during 17:00 to 19:00, which is different from the operation time of the afternoon bus-only lanes. CONCLUSIONS : By reflecting the analyzed peak hours, the operating hours of the afternoon lane are improved from 18:00~20:00 to 17:00~19:30. Prior to the implementation of the dedicated vehicles, the traffic speed of the buses and general vehicles is 1.8 (general/bus), It was analyzed that the traffic speed of general vehicles and buses after implementation was reduced to 1.5 (general/bus), thus improving the operation time in terms of the purpose and effectiveness of bus-only lanes.

We analyzed the anthocyanin accumulation, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA) contents and metabolic genes expression in berry skins under high temperature (High T) at veraison, in order to investigate the cause of bad coloration of 'Kyoho' grape due to High T in summer season. The coloration of ‘Kyoho’ grapes was stopped by High T for 10 days from veraison, and the fruit quality was not affected except skin color. Total anthocyanin of skins was decreased by High T treatment and malvidin and peonidin were decreased compared to control. In berry skins, ABA content did not decrease by High T treatment, but it was rather higher than that of control. GA content was increased about two times compared to the control after 10 days of High T treatment, which caused decreased ratio of ABA/GA. Analysis of expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes showed that the early biosynthetic genes were not affected by High T and the expression of UFGT was decreased by temperature treatment. ABA biosynthetic gene expressions were not affected by High T and the expression of GA20ox1 and GA2ox1/2, which are known to regulate the biosynthesis and inactivation of GA, were increased and decreased by High T, respectively. Therefore, the bad coloration of ‘Kyoho’ grapes under the High T at veraison was due to inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis of skin, and it was suggested that the anthocyanin biosynthesis was controlled by the ratio of ABA and GA rather than ABA content.

This paper analyzed the disparity and causality between regional and industrial employment to invigorate balanced regional development of employment-side. This paper conducted of a Gini-coefficient decomposition method and Panel Granger causality test using the row-data of the Census on Establishments that were obtained from Statistics Korea. As a result of Gini-coefficient decomposition, although the growth rates of Gini-coefficient of employment are on the decrease, Gini-coefficient still increase in Korea. Most of employment disparity occurred from regional disparity between SMA (Seoul Metropolitan Area) and Non-SMA and from industrial disparity within the service industry. The amount of contribution to total disparity of inter/intra regional on employment were differed by industry. The causal relationship between an employment growths in the manufacture industry and an employment growths in the service industry were analyzed using a Panel Granger causality test. As a result, mutually causality were estimated in the analysis of national dimension. However, when limited region to the Non-SMA, only the employment growth in manufacture industry increases the employment growth in service industry. In order to reduce an employment disparity, strategies for resolving the regional disparity by industry are needed. For regional employment growths, strategies for the service industry in the SMA, and for the manufacture industry in the Non-SMA are needed.

At the Bank of Korea, capital stock statistics were created by the PIM (perpetual inventory method) with fixed capital formation data. Asset classifications also included 2 categories in residential buildings, 4 non-residential buildings, 14 constructions, 9 transportation equipment, 28 machinery, and 2 intangible fixed assets. It is the Korean government accounting system which is developed much with the field of the national accounts including the valuation, but until 2008 it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. Many countries, including Korea, were single-entry bookkeeping, not double-entry bookkeeping which can be aggregated by government accounting standard account. There was no distinction in journaling between revenue and capital expenditure when it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. For example, we would like to appropriately divide the past budget accounts and the settlement accounts data that have been spent on dredging into capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. It, then, tries to add the capital expenditure calculated to FCF (fixed capital formation), because revenue expenditure is cost for maintenance etc. This could be a new direction, especially, in the estimation of capital stock by the perpetual inventory method for infrastructure (SOC, social overhead capital). It should also be noted that there are differences not only between capital and income expenditure but also by other factors. How long will this difference be covered by the difference between the ‘new series’ and ‘old series’ methodologies? In addition, there is no large difference between two series by the major asset classification level. If this is treated as a round-off error, this is a problem.

Various carbon aerogels (CAs) were prepared from polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde and applied as the electrode materials of an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) with the aim of controlling the textural and electrochemical properties of CAs by the type of base catalyst and the ratio of resorcinol to catalyst (R/C). The CAs from NaHCO3 and KHCO3 with H+ ions had higher specific surface areas but exhibited lower electrochemical properties than those from K2CO3 and Na2CO3, which had more uniform pore size distributions. The electrochemical properties of Na2CO3 were superior to those of K2CO3 probably because the polarizing power of Na+ ions was higher than K+ ions. With an increasing R/C ratio, the pore sizes of CA showed a tendency to increase but the uniformity of the pore size distribution got worse. For the four base catalysts, the highest electrochemical property was obtained at the R/C ratio of 500.

경제발전으로 인한 도시의 고밀화와 자동차의 급격한 증가로 극심한 교통혼잡 문제가 발생하고 있다. 주차질서는 현대 사회에서 도시질서의 가장 기본적인 요체임에도 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 바로 잡히지 않고 있으며, 이로 인하여 발생되는 많은 문제는 사회 전체에 복합적인 영향으로 시민전체의 부담이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 문제를 야기하고 있는 불법주차 문제의 해법으로 공유경제 중 하나인 공유주차 시행에 대하여 제시하고자 한다. 공유주차란 아파트 등 건축물 부설주차장 및 기업체, 학교 등 공공기관 주차장을 일정시간동안 사용할 수 있도록 하는 제도로 주차면 소유자가 주차면을 사용하지 않는 시간에 다른 사람에게 빌려줌으로써 주차공간을 공유하는 것이다. 본 연구는 대전광역시의 대표적인 중심상업지역 및 주거지역으로 서구와 유성구를 대상지로 선정하고 공유주차제의 미치는 영향요인을 파악하여 모형화 하기 위해 응답자의 개인속성과 현재 불법주정차의 이용실태 자료, 그리고 공유주차제에 대한 선호의식(SP)자료를 이용하였다. 분석방법으로는 주차이용행태를 주차장 이용 유무에 따른 불법주차로 구분하여 통계프로그램 SPSS21.0을 활용하였으며 로지스틱회귀모형을 이용해 공유주차 인식에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 이미 공급된 주차공간의 최적활용으로 추가적 주차장 공급에 따른 공공 및 민간의 비용을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

특별교통수단은 이동에 심한 불편을 느끼는 교통약자에게 이동을 지원하기 위하여 휠체어 탑승설비 등을 장착한 차량을 의미한다. 각 지자체에서는 관련법에 의거 특별교통수단 운행 법정대수에 따라 운행하고 있으나, 운영에 따른 인력 및 예산부족 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 보다 효율적인 이동편의시설의 운영과 교통약자의 수요에 맞는 이동권을 보장하기 위해 교통약자 특별교통수단의 운영현황을 살펴보고, 교통약자의 이용편의를 증진할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구의 공간적 범위는 대전광역시이며, 시간적 범위는 2017년 상반기 6개월 운영현황 데이터를 분석하였고, 이용자 만족도 설문을 실시하여 IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis) 분석을 실시하였다. IPA 분석은 서비스 제공자가 특정 서비스에 대하여 우선순위를 결정할 때 만족도와 중요도를 함께 고려하여 대응전략을 검토하는 분석방법으로 분야별 항목에 대한 중요도와 만족도의 판단정도를 리커트척도로 설문한 후, 실행격자에 중요도는 수직축, 만족도는 수평축으로 하여 각각의 속성에 대한 평균값을 구하여 이를 각 속성의 위치를 실행격자 상에 표기하여 각 사분면별 대응 전략을 수립할 수 있다. 대전광역시는 2005년 휠체어 차량 5대를 시작으로 2017년 7월 현재 승합차량 82대, 임차택시 70대 총 152대의 특별교통수단을 운영중에 있으며, 2018년 1월 교통약자이동지원센터를 설립할 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 대전광역시 특별교통수단 이용대상 교통약자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시 한 후, IPA분석을 통해 문제점분석 및 활성화를 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

Activated carbons (ACs) have been used as EDLC (electric double-layer capacitor) electrode materials due to their high specific area, stability, and ecological advantages. In order to prepare ACs with high density and crystallinity, coal tar pitch (CTP) was activated by K2CO3 and the textural and electrochemical properties of the obtained ACs were investigated. Although the CTP ACs formed by K2CO3 activation had much smaller specific surface area and pore volume than did the CTP ACs formed by KOH activation, their volumetric specific capacitance (F/cc) levels as electrode materials for EDLC were comparable due to their higher density and micro-crystallinity. Structural characterization and EDLC-electrode performance were studied with different activation conditions of CTP/K2CO3 ratio, activation temperature, and activation period.

In order to use coal tar pitch (CTP) as a raw material for carbon fibers, it should have suitable properties such as a narrow range of softening point, suitable viscosity and uniform optical properties. In this study, raw CTP was modified by heat treatment with three types of polymer additives (PS, PET, and PVC) to make a spinnable pitch for carbon fibers. The yield, softening point, C/H ratio, insoluble yield, and meso-phase content of various modified CTPs with polymer additives were analyzed by changing the type of polymer additive and the heat treatment temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare the properties of CTPs modified by polymer addition with those of a commercial CTP. After the pitch spinning, the obtained green fibers were stabilized and carbonized. The properties of the respective fibers were analyzed to compare their uniformity, diameter change, and mechanical properties. Among three polymer additives, PS220 and PET261 pitches were found to be spinnable, but the carbon fibers from PET261 showed mechanical properties comparable with those of a commercial CTP produced by an air-blowing method (OCI284). The CTPs modified with polymer additive had higher β-resin fractions than the CTP with only thermal treatment indicating a beneficial effect of carbon fiber application.

매실에서 복숭아씨살이좀벌(Eurytoma maslovskii)은 최근 피해가 심한 해충으로 2013년 12월부터 이듬해 2월까지와 2015년 1~2월까지 미이라가 되어 있는 매실 열매를 채집하여 실내에서 우화한 성충을 대상으로 2014년에 7개, 2015년은 5개의 유기농업자재에 대해 성충 침지법으로 성충에 대한 살충률을 조사하였다. 순천과 광양 각 1개의 매실 유기재배 과원에서 매실 개화 후부터 방제하였다. 그 결과, 2014년에 님 추출물(B사) 등 5개 유기농업자재에 대해 100%의 성충 살충율을 보였고, 2015년에는 식물추출물 Matrine 0.5+파라핀유 8% 함유 자재가 100% 성충살충효과를 보였다. 포장에서 방제 효과는 2014년에 시기별, 자재별로 1회만 살포시 대체로 4월 하순~5월 상순에 방제한 나무들에서 피해과율이 적었고, 2015년에도 비슷한 결과를 보였는데, 자재에 따라 방제효과가 상이해 판단하기 어렵지만, 4월 중순 이후 최소 2회 이상 필요하고, 개화 등 매실의 발육이 늦는 지역 등은 5월에도 추가적으로 방제하여야 할 것으로 보인다.

실내에서 우화한 복숭아씨살이좀벌(Eurytoma maslovskii) 성충을 대상으로 2014년에 8개, 2015년은 매실에 등록된 3개의 작물보호제에 대해 성충 침지법으로 성충에 대한 살충률을 조사하였는데, 2013년 12월부터 이듬해 2월까지와 2015년 1~2월까지 미이라가 되어 있는 매실 열매를 채집하여 실내에서 우화한 성충을 이용하였다. 매실 과원에서 순천과 광양의 농가에서 개화 후부터 방제였다. 피메트로진 25WP, 플로니카미드 10WG는 성충에 대해 50% 이하의 살충효과를 보인 반면에 디노테퓨란 입상수화제가 100%의 살충효과를 보였고, 아세타미프리드 수화제, 티아클로프리드 액상수화제도 좋은 효과를 보였다. 매실과원에서 방제 효과는 2014년에 시기별, 자배별로 1회만 살포시 대체로 4월 하순~5월 상순에 방제한 나무들에서 피해과율이 적었고, 2015년에도 비슷한 결과를 보였는데, 4월 중순 이후 최소 2회 이상 필요하고, 개화 등 매실의 발육이 늦는 지역 등은 5월에도 추가적으로 방제하여야 할 것으로 보인다.

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents and damage due to speeding should be recognized as a problem which harms society and the economy as well as the parties to the accidents. It is time to seek more detailed and concrete customized alternatives than the existing policies for the prevention of traffic accidents. METHODS: In this study, we identified the characteristics driver behavior and psychological factors that lead to speeding, and a study was carried out to verify the causality models developed from the factors we identified. RESULTS : Driving behavior variables have a significant effect on speeding behaviors in order of Lapse, Violation, and Mistake. And the violation which is defined as intentional violation showed the result which supports the research hypothesis as it has the significant effect on speeding intention and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study can be utilized to develop educational problems concerning speeding and previous response with the main objective of eliminating speeding driver behavior.

In order to prepare anode materials for high power lithium ion secondary batteries, carbon composites were fabricated with a mixture of petroleum pitch and coke (PC) and a mixture of petroleum pitch, coke, and natural graphite (PCNG). Although natural graphite has a good reversible capacity, it has disadvantages of a sharp decrease in capacity during high rate charging and potential plateaus. This may cause difficulties in perceiving the capacity variations as a function of electrical potential. The coke anodes have advantages without potential plateaus and a high rate capability, but they have a low reversible capacity. With PC anode composites, the petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 with heat treatment at 1000 oC (PC14-1000C) showed relatively high electrochemical properties. With PC-NG anode composites, the proper graphite contents were determined at 10~30 wt.%. The composites with a given content of natural graphite and remaining content of various petroleum pitch/cokes mixtures at 1:4~4:1 mass ratios were heated at 800~1200 oC. By increasing the content of petroleum pitch, reversible capacity increased, but a high rate capability decreased. For a given composition of carbonaceous composite, the discharge rate capability improved but the reversible capacity decreased with an increase in heat treatment temperature. The carbonaceous composites fabricated with a mixture of 30 wt.% natural graphite and 70 wt.% petroleum pitch/cokes mixture at 1:4 mass ratio and heat treated at 1000 oC showed relatively high electrochemical properties, of which the reversible capacity, initial efficiency, discharge rate capability (retention of discharge capacity in 10 C/0.2 C), and charge capacity at 5 C were 330 mAh/g, 79 %, 80 %, and 60 mAh/g, respectively.

PURPOSES: Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS: Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

In order to prepare high-quality activated carbons (ACs), coal tar pitch (CTP), and mixtures of CTP and petroleum pitch (PP) were activated with KOH. The ACs prepared by activation of CTP in the range of 700~1000℃ for 1~5 h had very porous textures with large specific surface areas of 2470~3081 m2/g. The optimal activation conditions of CTP were determined as CTP/KOH ratio of 1:4, activation temperature of 900℃, and activation time of 3 h. The obtained AC showed the highest micro-pore volume, and pretty high specific surface area and meso-pore volume. The micro-pore volumes and specific areas of activated mixtures of CTP and PP were similar to each other but the meso-pore volume could be increased. In order to change the degree of crystallinity of precursors before KOH activation process, the CTPs were carbonized in the range of 500~900℃. As the carbonization temperature increased, the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated ACs with the same activation conditions for CTP decreased dramatically. It was demonstrated that the increased pore size distribution of AC electrodes in the range of 1 to 2 nm plays an important role in the performance of electric double-layer capacitor.

304L 스테인리스강판은 멤브레인타입 LNG선 단열시스템의 1차 방벽으로 이용된다. 304L 스테인리스강은 변태유기소성(TRIP)강으로 복잡한 재료거동을 보이는데, 이는 소성변형이 발생하는 동안 상변태를 경험하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 304L 스테인리스 강의 비선형 기계적 거동분석을 위한 온도의존 일축인장시험을 수행하였으며 재료의 파단이나 비선형 거동을 예측하기 위한 점소성모델을 제안하였다. 수치해석의 결과와 시험 결과를 비교 분석하여 유효성을 검증하였으며 LNG 멤브레인에 대한 적용성을 검토하기 멤브레인 구조시편을 제작하여 구조해석 및 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 재료모델은 개발 서브루틴을 이용하였으며 ABAQUS 사용자지정 재료 서브루틴을 탑재한 유한요소해석 결과와 극저온 구조인장시험을 수행한 결과를 비교하여 구조적용성을 검증하였다.