In order to prepare high-quality activated carbons (ACs), coal tar pitch (CTP), and mixtures of CTP and petroleum pitch (PP) were activated with KOH. The ACs prepared by activation of CTP in the range of 700~1000℃ for 1~5 h had very porous textures with large specific surface areas of 2470~3081 m2/g. The optimal activation conditions of CTP were determined as CTP/KOH ratio of 1:4, activation temperature of 900℃, and activation time of 3 h. The obtained AC showed the highest micro-pore volume, and pretty high specific surface area and meso-pore volume. The micro-pore volumes and specific areas of activated mixtures of CTP and PP were similar to each other but the meso-pore volume could be increased. In order to change the degree of crystallinity of precursors before KOH activation process, the CTPs were carbonized in the range of 500~900℃. As the carbonization temperature increased, the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated ACs with the same activation conditions for CTP decreased dramatically. It was demonstrated that the increased pore size distribution of AC electrodes in the range of 1 to 2 nm plays an important role in the performance of electric double-layer capacitor.

Highly crosslinked micron-size monodispersed PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were prepared using seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization. PMMA and PS seed particles were synthesized by seeded multi-stage emulsion polymerization and soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then PMMA/PDVB and PS/PDVB particles were obtained using semi-batch type emulsion polymerized using divinyl benzene as a cross-linkable monomer in the presence of seed particles. PMMA particles with size of ca. 730 nm and polydispersity of 1.03 were successfully prepared in this experiment. PS particles with size of ca. 1.5 μm and polydispersity of 1.01 were prepared in this experiment. Highly crosslinked PS/PDVB particles with size of ca. 1.3 μm and polydispersity of 1.00 were obtained.

An acid cleaning agent (AACA) for aluminum was prepared by blending of sorbitol, n-octanoic acid, MJU-100A, Tetronix T-701, PPA-23, C8-83 and phosphoric acid. With the prepared AACA, degreasing, foam height, etching and derusting tests were carried out. As a result, AACA-4 and AACA-7 showed better cleaning ability than commercial acid cleaning agents.

High-solid coatings were prepared by blending of previosly synthesized acrylic resins and hexamethylene diisocyanate-trimer and curing it at room temperature. The characterization of the films of the prepared coatings was performed. The impact resistance, cross-hatch adhesion, 60˚specular gloss, and heat resistance of the films proved to be good, and the pencil hardness and drying time proved to be slightly poor. Especially, there was a remarkable improvement in the heat resistance. This improvement may stem from the regular arrangement of ethyl groups introduced into the acrylic resin. As a result of Rigid-body pendulum visco-elasticity measurement, dynamic Tg values of cured films increased with dynamic Tg values.

Film properties of monodispersed model composite latexes with particle size of 190 nm, which consist of n-butyl acrylate as a soft phase monomer and methyl methacrylate as a hard phase monomer with different morphology was examined. Five different types of model latexes were used in this study such as random copolymer particle, soft-core/hard-shell particle, hard-core/soft-shell particle, gradient type particle, and mixed type particle. Tensile strength and tensile elongation at break of final films were evaluated. Those properties can be interpreted in terms of PBA/PMMA phase ratio and their morphology. The interfacial adhesion strength was also evaluated using 180˚ peel strength measurement and cross hatch cutting test.

Film forming behavior of monodispersed model composite latexes with particle size of 190 nm, which consist of n-butyl acrylate as a soft phase monomer and methyl methacrylate as a hard phase monomer with different morphology was examined. Five different types of model latexes were used in this study such as random copolymer particle, soft-core/hard-shell particle, hard-core/soft-shell particle, gradient type particle, and mixed type particle. The film forming behavior was evaluated using pseudo on-line measurements of the cumulative weight loss, the UV transmittance, and the tensile fracture energy. Each stages of film formation I, II were not sensitive to the morphology of model latexes, but stage-ill was largely dependent on the morphology of model latexes. The chain mobility of polymer which composed the shell component was found to dominantly determine the behavior of film forming stage-III.

In this study, various model composite latexes were synthesized using n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate as comonomers by seeded multi-staged emulsion polymerization. Monodispersed model composite latex particles with size of 190 nm and polydispersity index of 1.05, which have various morphology including random copolymer particle, soft-core/hard-shell particle, hard-core/soft shell particle, and gradient-type copolymer particle, homopolymers particles were prepared. The designed morphology of model composite particles were confirmed.

Crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) particles from 2.4 to 8.1μm in diameter were prepared by homogenized suspension polymerization. The effect of polymerization parameters such as homogenizing speed, homogenizing time and stabilizer concentration on the particle size were examined. Optical diffusion films were prepared with the crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) particles. The effect of film thickness, particle size, and particle size distribution on transmittance and haze of optical diffusion film was examined. Transmittance of optical diffusion film increased with increasing particle size and decreasing film thickness. Haze increased with increasing film thickness and decreasing particle size. We also found the existence of an optimum ratio for optical performance when the mixture of small particle and large particle was used.

Aqueous polyurethane dispersion was synthesized using phosphorus compound which received significant attention for the replacement of halogenated flame retardants. In this study, polyols which have phosphorus moity in their structural unit were synthesized by two-step polycondensation reaction using dimethyl phenylphosphonate, ethylene glycols. adipic acid, and 1,4-butanediol. In the next step, polyurethane dispersion was prepared using these polyols, isophorone diisocyanate with dimethyl propionic acid. The particle size of polyurethane latex was reduced from 347 nm to 240 nm with increasing DMPA content. It was observed that the LOI values of prepared coatings increased from 27% to 35% with increasing phosphorus content.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposite particles with particle size of 275~292 nm range were successfully prepared using emulsion polymerization. The content of montmorillonite based on the methyl methacrylate monomer was chosen as 30 wt.%. 2,2-azobis(isobuthylamidine hydrochloride) and n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride were used as an initiator and a surfactant in cationic emulsion system. Potassium persulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate were used as an initiator and a surfactant in anionic emulsion system. The evidence of intercalated /exfoliated structure of montmorillonite in the nanocomposite prepared in our experiment was confirmed by wide angle x-ray diffraction patterns of d001 plane. Thermal behavior of nanocomposite was traced using DSC and TGA. It was found that the nanocomposite particle prepared by cationic emulsion system showed intercalated structured. We also found that the nanocomposite particle obtained from anionic emulsion system resulted in the fully exfoliated structure.

Acidic degreasing agent(AADA) was prepared by blending sorbitol, Newpol PE-68, Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Tetronix T-70l, MJU-100A, n-octanoic acid, and phosphoric acid, The physical properties of AADA tested with aluminum specimen showed the following results ; when 3wt% AADA-5 was performed at 70℃, the degreasing rate was 95% which is comparitively good, and the percentage of etching was 0.277% which was found to be less than that of commercialized product. when 20wt% of AADA-5 was added at 65℃, the percentage of derusting was 91% and the good defoaming effect proved by following low foaming power tests respectively : Ross and Miles, and Ross and Clark methods.

Aqueous urethane dispersion resin begins to assume commercial importance due to increasing environmental awareness of VOC in coating industry. Moreover there have been strong industrial needs for the development of reactive-type polyurethane flame retardant coatings. In this study, chlorinated polyester polyols were synthesized by two step polycondensation reaction using mono chloroacetic acid, adipic acid, trimethylol propane, and 1,4-butanediol. In the next step polyurethane dispersion was prepared using these chlorinated polyester polyols and isophorone diisocyanate with dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) and trimethylamine. The structure of chlorinated polyol was characterized by GPC, FT-IR and NMR. Particle size and its distribution were examined in terms of various dispersion parameters including molecular weight and composition of polyol, amount of DMPA, and NCO/OH ratio, etc. The effect of chlorinated polyols on flammability was also evaluated.

Acrylic resin(ACR) was blended with a curing agent, hexamethoxymethylmela-mine(HMMM), in which blending ratio was 70:30. The curing behavior was examined using Rheovibron. Cross-linking reaction started at 170℃ in 2 min of reaction and curing was completed in 10 min. It was found that the extent of cross-linking increased with the content of acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate monomer in the ACR.

Monodisperse polymer particles have many industrial applications such as surface coatings for metal panels, chromatographic media, spacers for liquid crystal display panel, and fillers for cosmetics, etc.. Micron-size monodispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization in methanol medium in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. Effects of polymerization parameters, such as monomer and initiator concentration, stabilizer type and concentration, solvent composition on average particle size and size distribution were studied.

To prepare an environmental friendly high-solid coatings an acrylic resin containing 80% of solid content was synthesized by addition polymerization of caprolactone acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The conversion was 78~93% and the prepared resin's physical properties are as follows: viscosity, 212~3424cps: Mn 1740~2400. There was a trend that viscosity and molecular weight of the resin increased with Tg, but no direct proportionality was observed.