Objective : To evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance in relation to the instrumental activities of daily living in Korean elderly women living in Seoul, Pundang, and Kwang-ju county.Method : To evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance, LOTCA-G battery was employed while IADL by Lawton and Brody was used to evaluate the instrumental activities of daily living. T-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the accumulated data.Results : The total cognitive perceptual performance score (LOTCA-G) and the total instrumental activities of daily living score (IADL) generally demonstrated a high correlation : (1) From observing the correlation of each items, the ability to use the telephone demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation, concentration, visuomotor organization, perception, memory, thinking operation and praxis (2) While shopping demonstrated a positive correlation with think-ing operation, visuomotor organization, orientation and memory (3) Food preparation demon-strated a positive correlation with orientation, thinking operation, visuomotor organization, con-centration, memory and praxis (4) While house keeping had a positive correlation with ori-entation, memory, visuomotor organization, thinking operation, concentration and perception (5) Laundry demonstrated a positive correlation with all of the items except visuomotor organization (6) While the mode of transportation demonstrated a positive correlation with all of the items including orientation and memory (7) Responsibility for one’s own medication demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation and thinking operation (8) The ability to handle finances demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation and all of the items.Conclusion : Cognitive perceptual performance was found to be significantly correlated with the instrumental activities of daily living skills. In particular, orientation and thinking operation, which are the items of cognitive perceptual performance affected the instrumental activities of daily living the most. Thus, orientation, perception, visuomotor organization, thinking operation, memory, praxis, concentration and cognitive perceptual performance need to improve not only so elderly women may live independently in the community but so as to offer them a high stand-ard of livin.

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence MeasureⅡ (SCIMⅡ) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes.Method : The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. The patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMⅡ and the MBI.Collected data analysis were completed by using Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement, McNemar test, t-test, Correlation analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results : The following results were obtained from this study.1.A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMⅡ, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01).2.When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIMⅡ compared with the MBI. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMⅡ, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMⅡ well reflecting major func-tional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion.3.When the scores of the SCIMⅡ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools. However, the SCIMⅡ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility.4.When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMⅡ com-pared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05).Conclusions : These results indicated that the SCIMⅡ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIMⅡ would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.

The purpose of this study is to find the standard value of hand width, of grip strength and of pinch strength by age, sex, and by left hand and right hand and also to find how the general characteristics influences grip strength and pinch strength. Martin Vigorimeter (List No. 17-27-01) was used for measuring grip strength, and the pinch gauge (0∼30 lbs) of B&L engineering for measuring pinch strength. The subjects of this study are the children at the age of three to seven years, who attending the babies' play room, kindergarten and the primary school in Seoul and the Kyungki province area. They all were normally developed without any significant neurology problem. wo hundred girls and two hundred boys were partifipated in this study. They were divided into ten subgroups according to the age of six month interval. Each group consisted of forty children of twenty boys and twenty girls. Analysis of data presents the technical statistics upon the hand width of right and left hand and the grip strength and pinch strength according to the age and sex. Multiple regression analysis using mixed liner model was operated in order to find how the general characteristics (of the age, sex, and side of hand) influence hand width, grip strength, and pinch strength individually. Also, we calculated the correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength under the condition of controlling general characteristics; and to find correlation between the right hand and the left hand of the age and sex, we carried out paired t-test and came to the conclusion as follows: 1.　Hand width is significantly increased with the increase of age (p<0.01). The increase of hand width according to age, boy is wider than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and the right hand is wider than that of the left hand significantly (p<0.01). 2.　Grip strength is significantly increased as the age and hand width increased (p<0.01). The increase of grip strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and grip strength of the right hand is stronger than that of the left hand(p<0.01). 3.　Three-jaw pinch strength is increased as the age, hand width and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But there is no significant difference of three-jaw pinch strength according to sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 4.　Tip pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.05). The increase of tip pinch strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between the right hand and the left hand(p>0.05). 5.　Lateral pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But the increase of lateral pinch strength, there is no significant difference according to the hand width, sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 6.　The test of correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength showed the correlation between grip strength and pinch strength was stronger than the correlation between hand width and pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). There was strong correlation between each pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). Above all, the correlation of three-jaw pinch strength and tip pinch strength was strongest(0.7<r<1.0). 7.　The test of hand width according to the age and sex, and the difference between the right hand and the left hand in grip strength and pinch strength showed that there was significant difference against all the test of hand width, of grip strength, and of pinch strength in the age group from seven years and six months to seven years and eleven months than the age group under six years, specially in girls group(p<0.05).

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of social role performance in the life satisfaction among spinal cord injuried persons. The study consisted of 81 participants. discharged from the hospital and resided at a private residence, who responded to a mailed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions on demographic characteristics: gender. age. marital status, level of education. religious affiliation, empolyment. income, severity of injury, age at onset of injury, time since injury, and duration of hospitalization, life satisfaction index-Z(LSI-Z) and a state of six social roles: working conditions, family relationships, friends relationships, social activities. leisure activities, and religious paticipation. The question on each social role was rated on five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 "very poor" to 5 "very good". The subjects were divided into 1-3/4-5(poor/good performance group) and the subjects who had not performed the social role were classified as poor performance group. The study found over seventy-five percent of participants belonged to the group with poor performance in all six roles. Also, only social activities of social roles was restricted by a severe disability but it was not restricted the others. Income was found to be associated with three social roles: friends relationships, social activities, and leisure activities. In addition, empolyment, income, and duration of hospitaization were found to be associated with life satifaction, however, the severity of injury was not. Subjects in the group with good performance in four social roles: working condition, family relationships. friends relationships, and social activities had significantly higher life satisfaction. Result from a multiple regression analysis indicated that income. role in working condition and family relationships were the significant predictors of life satisfaction. The finding was that the life satisfaction of persons with spinal cord injury appeared to be influenced by income and some aspects of social role performance but not by their disability. The results suggest that we need to encourage to provide financially independent environment and to perform social role designed to yield improvements in life satisfaction for persons with spinal cord injury.

The objective of this study was to identify pulmonary functional variations in relation to postural changes, lapse after changing position, and the use of abdominal band in the cervical cord injured. The subjects of this study were 19 quadriplegic patients who had been admitted to the department of the Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, Yousei University, from April, 1997 through May 3, 1997. A spiroanalyzer was used to measure pulmonary function in supine, standing, time after changing position, and recording to the position, application method, and tightness of the abdominal band. The data were analyzed by the repeated measure one-way ANOVA, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The findings were as follows: 1. All phase of the patients' pulmonary function improved significantly in supine posture in contrast to standing (vital capacity by and expiratory reserve volume by ). 2. The longer the time lapsed from supine posture to standing, the patient's expiratory reserve volume, maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume increased. 3. When the patient lay in supine position, the maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and the forced vital capacity increased then the center line of the abdominal band was placed along iliac crest; on the other hand, when the patient was standing, placing the bottom line of the abdominal band along iliac crest increased the maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume. 4. In placing the abdominal band in the patients, leaving space between the top and bottom lines of the band helped increased in maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced vital capacity for patient in supine as well as in standing. 5. When placing the abdominal band to patients in supine posture, reducing the length of the band by 2.5% along the patient's waist line increased the patients' vital capacity, while reducing the length by 10% to patients in standing increased the maximum ventilation volume. The abdominal band should be placed in such a way that the bottom part of the band should be more tightly fastened while leaving enough room for a hand to be placed in between the body and the band for the top part of the hand. It should also be noted that in a supine position, the bottom line of the band should be placed along the iliac crest, while in standing, the center line should be placed along the iliac crest. The length of the band should also be reduced by 2.5% of the waist line in supine position, and in standing, the length should be reduced by 10%. It should also be noted that the pulmonary function of the patients should be measured at least 10 minutes after one position change.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the function of the non-affected hand of hemiplegic children is comparable to the hand function with both normal hands. The subjects of the study were 19 hemiplegic children and 20 normal children, all six years of age. The hemiplegic children were treated at one of three facili- ties: Yonsei University Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center and Inchon Severance Hospital during in period March to April, 1996. The normal children were randomly selected from a kindergarten in Inchon City. All hand function was measured by Jebsen Hand Function Test. Subtest was analysed statistically using the basic statistic analysis, Mam-Whitney test and Pearson correlation test . The results were as follows: The normal children had faster right hand function than herniplegic children whose nonaffected hand was their right hand, for the small objects, simulated feeding, checkers subtests. Normal children had faster left hand function than hemiplegic children whose nonaffected hand was their left hand, for the small objects, checkers, large light objects and large heavy objects. The unaffected hand function of the hemiplegic children had a negative correlation with time of diagnosis, and treatment durat ion. These results showed that the nonaffected hand function of hemiplegic children dif- fered from the respective hand of normal children. Therefore, when hemiplegic children are treated, both the affected and unaffected hand must be treated as this will affect the treatment result.

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate various hand functions in the most common positions (chair sitting, standing, floor sitting) used by cerebral palsied children with spastic diplegia. The results, analysed statistically, could be useful in suggesting treatment strategy for the improvement of hand function in such patients. For this study, 27 children with mild or moderate spastic diplegia were chosen. They were patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center. Both dominant and nondominant hands were tested by the Box and Block Test. Bilateral hand function was tested by bead stringing and card sorting activities. Collected data was analysed using univariate, and MANOVA. Results were as follows: 1. The scores of children who walked showed no significant difference in any of the three postures. 2. The highest test scores in children who walked with assistance (aid /other person) were in the Box and Block Test for the nondominant hand, and in bead stringing for bilateral hand function. These scores occurred with the children in the chair sitting posture(p(0.05). The results showed that, in order to improve hand function in children with spastic diplegia, it is necessary to maintain a well supported upright trunk posture with varia- tions allowed for relevance to the chosen position of the hand activity being performed.

새로운 문제해충을 찾아내려면 작물별로 전국적인 survey가 이루어져야 한다. 인력과 경비면 그리고 수행상의 어려움이 있으므로 경작자나 그 지역의 농촌지도소를 통하여 문의.의뢰된 해충들을 살펴보면 그 해의 대체적인 해충발생상황을 알아볼 수 있다고 생각된다. 농업기술연구소 곤충과에는 1988년 40건의 민원과 의뢰사항이 접수.처리되었다(표 1). 그중 해충동정 및 방제법에 대한 것이 31건, 현지발생행동조사 의뢰 3건, 해충관계자료에 대한 문의가 3건 등이었다. 접수된 민원중에서 일부를 제외하고 각 해충의 발생상황을 작물별로 기술하여 기록을 남김으로서 금후 연구를 의한 기초 자료로 제공코자한다.