Purpose: This study explored life experiences and meaning attributed to them by older men living alone during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Data were collected from June to July 2022 through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 14 older men living alone and analyzed using the thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: The analysis revealed four themes and eight subthemes. 1) Unfamiliar daily life faced in old age due to COVID-19; 2) living a difficult life in a stopped society; 3) a life of constant effort amid change; and 4) daily life adjusting to the new normal amid regret. The participants volunteered to be secluded to adapt to their changed daily life in an isolated society, which led to depression. As time passed, they tried to adapt to their new daily lives by communicating untactfully to shorten their physical distance. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to understand socially vulnerable classes in national disaster situations and the need for various policies to respond to social isolation. In the future, developing an intervention that allows older men living alone to actively adapt to a changing society and verify its effectiveness is necessary.

Green roofs are gaining much interest in many cities around the world due to its multi-purpose effects of water conservation, flood mitigation and aesthetic benefits. However it may cause additional water demand to maintain green plants, which may intensify the current and future water shortage problems. While ordinary concrete roofs and normal green roof drains off rain water, concave green roof system can retain rain water because of its water holding capability. In this study, the water conservation effect of concave green roof was compared to normal roof on #35 building in Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. For seven rainfall events the amount of stored rainwater and runoff were measured and proved water conservation effect of the concave green roof system. The concave green roof system of which area is 140m2 showed effect of water conservation from 1.8ton to 7.2ton and the most influence factors on water conservation in green roof are rainfall and antecedent day. If this concave green roof is applied to many buildings in the cities, it is expected as a way to water conservation through rainfall storage.

복숭아 발효주를 개발하기 위하여 "유명" 과실에 효소 및 열처리하여 착즙수율을 측정하고 청주용 효모와 포도주용 야생 효모로 발효시킨 복숭아술의 성분과 기호성을 조사하였다. Pectinase와 cellulase를 혼합 처리한 경우 착즙수율이 89.2%로 가장 높았고 pectinase, hemicellulase와 cellulase등을 단독으로 처리했을 때도 80%이상의 착즙수율을 보였다. 복숭아술의 총산은 0.30%에서 0.36%이었다. 에틸알코올올 함량은 포도주용 야생 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 49-2가 14.5%로 가장 높았으나, 기호성은 고온성 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-71로 발효시킨 술이 가장 좋았다.