To investigate the suitable growing area for Italian ryegrass (cv. Kowinearly and cv. Green-Call), we survey the different effects of climatic conditions on plant growth in the east (hereafter termed Yeongdong) and west (hereafter termed Yeongseo) of the passes in Gangwon Province. The Italian ryegrass was grown in Gangneung of Yeongdong and Wonju and Chuncheon of Yeongseo. The plants showed growth differences depending on the cultivated regions between before and after wintering. The Italian ryegrass for pre-wintering showed the relatively long length of plant height in Wonju. While, we observed the relatively tall plants for growing- and harvestingperiod after wintering in Gangneung. The increased plant height in Gangneung was closely related to all climatic conditions for the growing period and mean- and lowest-temperature for the harvesting period, respectively. The amount of dry matter was 7,490 kg/ha for Kowinearly and 6,490 kg/ha for Green-Call in Gangneung, which has a higher yield than Chuncheon and Wonju. The relative yield index of dry matter was 77% (Kowinearly) and 78% (Green-Call) in Chuncheon and 84% (Kowinearly) and 71% (Green-Call) in Wonju compared to Gangneung as the standard region. Thus, we suggest that Chuncheon and Wonju are the possible areas for cultivation of Italian ryegrass, considering that Gangneung was the optimum growing area in Gangwon Province.

This study was conducted to monitor the residual pesticides on red pepper powder produced in five regions, which are the major producers of red pepper in Korea, such as Ham-pyeong, An-dong, Yeong-yang, Yeong-gwang, and Cheongyang from 2015 to 2016. Residual pesticides were detected on all samples. Among the 286 pesticides tested, 58 pesticides were detected, with the most frequently detected being chlorfenapyr (93.7%). Twelve types of pesticides (chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, pyraclostrobin, cyhalothrin, tebuconazole, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, lufenuron, azoxystrobin, and indoxacarb) were detected in all regions, and 14 types of pesticides were used only in certain regions. An analysis of the residual pesticides showed that none of the pesticides detected exceeded the MRL (Maximum Residue Limits). The Positive List System (PLS) requirements were applied to eight pesticides that had no set MRLs. 0.01 mg/kg (PLS requirements) was exceeded in 12 cases. A comparison of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticides with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to access their risk revealed %ADI values of 0.001-0.756. Carbofuran showed the highest (0.756%), but most pesticides were below 1%. The results show that residual pesticides in red pepper powder are at safe levels.

The field experiment was carried out to evaluate changes of dry matter productivity and feed value of Italian ryegrass and triticale at different growth stages in Wonju from 2018 to 2019. Italian ryegrass and triticale forages were harvested at an interval of seven days from May to June. The dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass with 7,870 kg/ha harvested on May 16 was significantly higher than that harvested on May 3 and May 9. The dry matter yield of triticale with 12,050 kg/ha harvested on June 7 was significantly higher than that harvested from May 3 to May 16. The crude protein yields harvested on May 16 were 890 kg/ha for Italian ryegrass and 1,103 kg/ha for triticale and were significantly higher than those harvested on May 3 and May 9. The total digestible nutrient yield(TDN) of Italian ryegrass with 5,223 kg/ha harvested on May 16 was significantly higher than that harvested on May 3 and May 9. The total digestible nutrient yield of triticale with 8,277 kg/ha harvested on June 7 was significantly higher than that harvested during May, but not different from that harvested after June 7. Considering the dry matter yield, crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient yield, it is suggested that the optimal harvesting times for Italian ryegrass and triticale seem to be May 16 and June 7, respectively.

In this study, the nutritional components (moisture, fat, protein, ash) value of military hardtack was collected and analyzed to control the mixing ratio of rice and flour. Hardtack from 4 factories was analyzed by 3 testing organizations certified by the Korean Ministry Food and Drug Safety. In addition, the accuracy and collaborative study possibility of each organization were evaluated in Q-test and HorRat. Also, other hardtack groups with different mixing ratios were compared to quality control of hardtack by I-MR charts. As a result, the HorRat and Q-test values of test organizations were 0.5-6.2 and 0.08-0.91, respectively. The quality of hardtack by the factories was similar. However, for accurate management of the mixing ratio, suggesting both upper and lower limit requirements of the nutritional components is necessary.

본 연구는 혐기소화액을 클로렐라 배양 배지로 이용하여 클로렐라 처리 농도 및 침종 처리방법에 따른 고추 종자의 발아율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 고추 종자는 증류수(대조구), 클로렐라 배양액의 50% 희석액(50%), 클로렐라 배양원액(100%), 클로렐라 150, 200, 400% 농축액, 클로렐라 배양여액, 대조구를 두었다. 클로렐라 배양액의 무침종 처리구가 86.7~95.6%의 발아율을 나타낸 것과 비교해 볼 때, 침종 처리구의 발아율은 98.3~100%로 5~12% 높은 발아율을 나타내었다. 그러나 클로렐라 배양여액 처리구의 발아율은 73.3%로 클로렐라 배양액 보다 낮았다. 클로렐라 침종처리구의 발아속도는 무침종 처리구보다 1일 빨랐다. 고추 종자의 80% 발아 소요 시간은 클로렐라 배양액 처리구가 대조구보다 1.1~1.2일 빨랐다. 그러나 클로렐라 배양여액 처리구의 발아속도는 클로렐라 배양액 보다 낮았다. 클로렐라 배양액 150% 침종 처리구의 유근길이는 6.23cm로 대조구보다 약 2cm 더 길었다. 상대적 유근신장률은 클로렐라 150% 침종처리구에서 146%로 대조구보다 46% 높게 나타났다. 클로렐라 배양액 처리구의 고추 종자 발아지수(GI)는 130~150%로 무처리구 보다 높았다. 클로렐라 배양액 처리는 고추 종자 발아율이 높았고 발아기간이 단축되고 유근이 길어지는 효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 클로렐라 배양액은 고추 종자 발아에 안정성이 높았고 종자의 발아 촉진에 유용하게 적용이 가능하였다.

This experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of Chlorella culture solution using anaerobic digestate as medium on seed germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. Four treatments were compared: control with distilled water, anaerobic digestate, Chlorella culture solution and Chlorella culture filtrate. The germination percentage of perennial ryegrass seeds was highest in the Chlorella culture solution treatment. Days required for 50, 70% seed germination were faster at 1.7 day in Chlorella culture solution compared to control. Root length of perennial ryegrass seeds was longer by 1~2cm in the Chlorella culture solution compared with control. The relative root length was by 40% longer in the Chlorella culture solution treatment compared to control. The germination index (GI) of perennial ryegrass seeds was higher by 180~202% in the Chlorella culture solution treatment compared to control. The decay rate was low as 50.0% in Chlorella culture solution, but decay rate of perennial ryegrass seeds showed 86.7~83.3% in control plot and in anaerobic digestate, respectively. Chlorella culture solution have shown stimulatory effects in germination and development of root. Overall, Chlorella culture solution could be useful to apply for promotion of germination and root elongation of seeds.