가시광선에 감응하는 광촉매를 제조하기 위하여 TiO2에 질소(N)를 도핑하여 N-TiO2를 제조하였다. 제조한 광촉매의 결정성, 입자 형상 및 도핑 상태는 XRD, FE-SEM 및 XPS를 이용하여 조사하였다. 제조한 광촉매의 활성 평가는 메틸렌블루의 광분해로 조사하였다. 제조한 광촉매는 anatase type이었으며, pH가 높을수록 결정화도가 향상되었다. 제조한 광촉매의 입자 크기는 pH 2.0에서 5.42 nm, pH 4.7에서 5.99 nm, pH 9.0에서 7.58 nm로, 입자 크기는 pH가 증가 할수록 약간씩 증가하였다. 광촉매의 활성은 결정화도에 비례하였다. TiO2에 N를 도핑하여 제조한 N-TiO2가 가시광선 하에서도 활성을 나타냈다. TiO2에 도핑한 N는 격자 속에 존재하는 것이 아니라 표면에 존재하였다.

The effects of La addition to Ni/CeO2 methane partial oxidation catalysts were investigated. Catalysts were prepared by the impregnation and urea methods. In the preparation of catalysts, La content was changed from 1 wt% to 3wt%. Catalysts that contain 2wt% La showed the highest methane conversion of about 80% and CO selectivity of 84% and H2 selectivity of 70%. This result may be stemmed from that, when La content is 2wt%, a fluorite oxide-type structure is well formed and carbon deposition is also decreased. Among the catalysts, 2.5wt% Ni/Ce(La)Ox showed the highest catalytic activity. From the experiment of changing reaction temperature with 2.5wt% Ni/Ce(La)Ox catalyst, it was found that the optimum reaction temperature is 750℃ and at this temperature methane conversion was about 90%, CO and H2 selectivities were 94 and 80%, respectively.

Catalytic activity changes of perovskite catalysts were examined with their A-site substitution. For the preparation of catalysts, Mn was used for B-site component and La, Ce, Sr, Ba, Ca, Ag were used for A-site component of the perovskite catalysts(ABO3) The effect of calcination temperature on methane combustion and perovskite structure was also investigated. The surface area and adsorbed oxygen species were tested with BET apparatus and O2-TPD, respectively. Perovskite catalysts whose A-site was partially substituted needed higher calcination temperature than un-substituted one to form the perovskite structure. From O2-TPD experiment, it was found that methane combustion activity was directly related to the oxygen desorbing ability of the catalysts. The prepared catalyst(LM-7) was stable at 600℃ for 72 hours of reaction.

Methane combustion over perovskite catalysts was investigated. For the preparation of catalysts, Co, Mn, Fe, and Ni were used as B-site components of the perovskite catalysts (ABO3) and La was used as A-site component. The effect of calcination temperature on methane combustion and perovskite structure was also investigated. The structure of perovskites, surface area, and adsorbed oxygen species were tested with XRD, BET apparatus, and O2-TPD, respectively. The formation of perovskite structure was affected by the calcination temperature. The catalyst desorbing oxygen at a lower temperature showed better activity for the methane combustion, therefore, the oxygen species desorbing at lower temperatures is responsible for the methane combustion.

Methanol and formaldehyde were produced directly by the partial oxidation of methane over mixed oxide catalysts. The catalysts were composed of Mo and Bi with late-transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, and Co. The reaction was carried out at 450℃, 50 bar in a fixed-bed differential reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by O2-TPD and BET apparatus. Among the catalysts used, the catalyst composed of 1:1:2.5 molar ratio of Mo:Bi:Mn showed the best methane conversion and methanol selectivity. The change in ratio of methane to oxygen affected at the conversion and selectivity, and the most proper ratio was 10:1.5. Methane conversion, methanol and formaldehyde selectivities increased with the surface areas of the catalysts. From the O2-TPD result, it was found that the oxygen species responsible for this reaction might be the lattice oxygen species desorbed at high temperature around 800℃.

Methanol and formaldehyde were produced directly by the partial oxidation of methane. The catalysts used were mixed oxides of late-transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The reaction was carried out at 450℃, 50 bar in a fixed-bed differential reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPD and BET apparatus. Of the catalysts, A-Mn0.2-6, which contains 0.2 mole of Mn and calcined at 600℃, showed the best catalytic activity: 3.7% methane conversion, and 30 and 28% methanol and formaldehyde selectivities, respectively. The catalytic activity was changed with the content of Mn and the calcination temperature. Catalytic activity increased with the specific surface areas of the catalysts. With XRD, it was found that the structure of the catalysts are changed with calcination temperature. Through O2-TPD experiment, it was found that the catalysts showing good catalytic activity showed O2 desorption peak around 800℃.

[Ga]-MFI and H-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized under atmospheric pressure and used in the propylene aromatization. The effect of temperature on the product distribution was also investigated. The catalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were compared with the commercialized H-ZSM-5 which was converted from NH4-ZSM-5. In the propylene aromatization, product distribution does not depend on the ratio of Si/Ga2 with [Ga]-MFI catalyst, but depend on the ratio of Si/Al2 with H-ZSM-5 catalyst [Ga]-MFI catalyst shows better dehydrogenation and alkylation activities than H-ZSM-5 catalyst The addition of Ga to H-ZSM-5 catalyst increases the conversion of propylene, selectivity to aromatics, and alkylation. In the propylene aromatization, the selectivity to aromatics slightly increased with increasing temperature with [Ga]-MFI catalyst, while slightly decreased with increasing temperature with H-ZSM-5 catalyst