Yang, Younghee. 2014. A Proposal of a Resolution Method on the Confusion of Word Spacing in the Current Korean Orthography. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). The purpose of this study is to examine the way to minimize the confusions regarding spacing address and reference forms such as ‘씨’, ‘님’, ‘양’, ‘군’ and ‘가’ among Korean language speakers. This paper explains that the reason for this confusion starts from the fact that Korean language speakers usually interpret the principals for spacing arbitrarily. As another reason for the confusion for spacing address and reference forms, this study examines perceptional changes among Korean language speakers. ‘님’, for example, was attached only to kinship terms at first. It’s usage, however, has been expanded by combining with common nouns or terms for relationships and positions and by being attached to family names or given names such. Through this procedure, the native speakers of Korean language seem like not only perceive the term as an honorific term but also consider it as a term which constructs its own meaning. In this study, they are classified as bound nouns based on intuition of native speakers, independence rate, existence of practice before those words. Through this procedure, this paper tries to arrange the words as a united grammatical unit, and hence to minimize the confusion.

Politeness is an important feature in Korean language and it has been studied actively. But it can be said that the study of Politeness in the sixteenth century does not exist because the century has often been tied with the fifteenth century, so that research on this field has followed that way. Nevertheless, there are many differences between the fifteenth century and the sixteenth century. Thus it is necessary to study each field separately. Focusing on this view, this investigation is to divide the forms of Politeness and these are the results. The degrees of Politeness in the sixteenth century are: polite formal style―polite informal style, and impolite formal style―impolite informal style. Considering each style with certain examples, firstly, 'nayida, nayitga, showshyeo' forms are the 'polite formal style' and these were used between people in different social ranks, such as 'servant to king, apprentice to master, offspring to parent'. Secondly, 'naengyida, naengyitga/ naengda, nitga/ nae, singa, so' forms are the 'polite informal style' and these were used to express intimacy. In more detail, 'nae, singa, so' forms were used in family relations, not in social relations. Thirdly, '-da/-nda/-ra' forms are the 'impoliteformal style' and these were used to make differences of social ranks definitely. Lastly, '-ra/-ga(go) pattern, -(ni)ri' forms are the 'impolite-informal style' and these were used to make more amiable relations in different social ranks and narrow the emotional distance.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(2). The purpose of this study is to reconsider the existing views on concord of appellation term with a final ending. In general, it has been considered that there is a consistent system to accord 'the object not expressed with pronoun' with 'hashowsheo' form, 'geudui' with 'hayassheo' form, and 'neo' with 'hara' form. There are, however, many examples from actual use which cannot be explained in this framework. Here, the concord of appellation term with final ending in middle Korean is classified into 'conforming model on rule' and 'strategic model of speaker'. The former is sub-classified into 'authoritative type' and 'bonding type', the latter 'appellation type' and 'final ending type'. Considering the fact that the appellation term and the final ending are related to the honorific system, such features as dialogue, personal feelings between interlocutors among others should be included in an analysis. It has been understood that some pronouns are used only with some appellations according to previous research regardless of these facts. The basic approach of this study is to provide an analysis distinctive from prevailing explanations.

This study attempts to analyze the honorific system in Middle Age Korean through a sociolinguistic approach. Although this area has been researched from many viewpoints so that mentioning the status or necessity of the honorary hierarchy in Korean is unnecessary, it is not an exaggeration to state that there has not been any previous research to explain it from a sociolinguistic perspective. The reason is that it is difficult to explain the speaking environment and the relationship to listeners dearly because the language data in the fifteenth century exist in the form of literature. Considering the aspects of use or characteristics of the honor hierarchy, in roost cases a sociolinguistic perspective is necessary and should be applied to Middle Age Korean. This study defines the honorific system in Middle Age Korean as an 'absolute honor hierarchy' as opposed to a 'relative honor hierarchy' and aims to show the reason why there was a 'language step change' at that time. Furthermore, the importance of the 'solidarity' relationship in the real situation of society where the principle of 'power' dominated was explored.

본 연구는 환경문제 해결이라는 외재적 목적을 중심으로 발전한 환경교육의 한계를 극복하고, 각 교과에서 분산적으로 이루어지고 있는 초등 환경교육의 발전 방안에 대한 논의에서 시작되었다. 이에 탐구 중심 환경교육이 지니는 환경교육 패러다임적 의미를 통해 탐구 중심 환경교육의 관점에서 우리나라의 초등 환경교육이 나아가야할 방향을 모색하였다. 본 연구를 통해 최근 제기된 ‘탐구 중심 환경교육’의 이론은 기존의 환경교육이 대부분 외재적 가치의 관점을 지님으로서 놓치고 있는 환경교육의 내재적 가치를 발견하고, 과학적 탐구와 통찰적 탐구를 통해 학습자가 세상을 바르게 ‘볼 수’ 있는 환경적 관점을 형성함으로써 환경문제 해결이라는 외재적 가치 또한 달성될 수 있음을 밝히고, 탐구 중심 환경교육의 이론을 바탕으로 각 교과에서 분산적 접근으로 이루어지고 있는 초등 환경교육의 한계를 극복하고 총체적이고 통합적인 초등 환경교육을 위한 발전 방향을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 초등 환경교육을 보는 새로운 관점으로서 의미를 가진다고 생각되며, 이에 따라 각 교과에서 분산적 접근으로 이루어지고 있는 초등 환경교육의 총체적이고 통합적인 발전을 위해서는 탐구 중심 환경교육에서 추구하는 내재적 가치의 중요성을 인식하고, 이를 실현할 수 있는 노력이 필요함을 제안한다.