In this study, the odor generated in a livestock farm with 500 heads of finisher breed in 661 m² was monitored during 6 months using a gas sensor, a wired / wireless communication system and database server. Odor unit, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were monitored using the gas sensor. To show the tendency of odorous substances generation, the odor concentration was shown in the graph on a monthly and daily basis. Among the analysis items, the maximum generation of odor was found to be closely related to the generation of hydrogen sulfide. Through observing the daily and monthly trends of odor substances, it was found that each substance was a useful indicator for monitoring odor, because ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor and TVOC were increased and decreased in a similar pattern. The odors were highest in the hours of the early morning (00:00-05:00), the evening (18:00-23:00), and the morning (06:00-11:00) in a day. After the use of the microbial agent was discontinued in autumn (October), anaerobic digestion of the manure in a pit proceeded and the amount of hydrogen sulfide increased. Therefore, despite a slight decrease in ammonia production, the odor unit level did not decrease after October but rather was somewhat increased. In the future, the use of the odor monitoring system is expected to improve the efficiency of odor sources management.

This study was performed to measure the concentration of odorous compounds and dilution ratio values at each part of the anaerobic digester process with composting facilities using swine manure and food waste. Complex odors, ammonia, volatile fatty acids and sulfur compounds were measured at each part of the process. Complex odors measured during swine manure storage, food waste storage and in the digested liquid tank, were 35,312 Odor Unit(OU), 39,086 OU and 17,733 OU, respectively. The odor contribution index was calculated by the concentration of odorous compounds during each process divided by the threshold limit. As a result, the major odorous compound that appeared during swine manure storage, food waste storage and in the digested liquid tank was hydrogen sulfide. On the other hand, the major odorous compound in the other processes was ammonia. The overall average concentrations of ammonia were highest in the digested liquid tank(337 ppm) and the separated liquid tank(131 ppm). Wastewater treatment process(10.9 ppm) and deodorization process(11.6 ppm) revealed the lowest concentration of ammonia. The overall average concentration of total volatile fatty acids(TVFAs) was 102.8 ppb during food waste storage and among the TVFAs, the main element was propionic acid(66.1 ppb). Sulfur compounds were only detected during swine manure storage, food waste storage and in the digested liquid tank. The dominant sulfur compound was hydrogen sulfide during swine manure storage(96.3 ppm) and methyl mercaptan during food waste storage(17.7 ppm) and dimethyl sulfide during food waste storage(34.5 ppm).

본 연구는 돈분뇨를 유입수로 하는 퇴비화 공정 중에서 혐기성 소화조의 상등액의 질소와 인의 제거를 위하여 Mg2+의 주입량, pH, 반응시간, 교반속도와 같은 인자를 달리하여 실험하였다. Struvite 형성을 위한 Mg2+ 주입원으로 MgSO4를 사용하였다. 모든 실험은 상온에서 이루어졌으며 교반속도 인자 실험을 제외하고 100 rpm의 속도로 교반하여 실험하였다. Struvite 형성을 위한 최적 pH 조건을 알아보기 위하여 Mg2+: PO43-의 몰비를 1:1로 하여, pH 8부터 13까지 변화를 주고 질소와 인의 최대 제거율을 보이는 최적 pH를 알아보았다. Mg2+의 최적 주입량을 결정하기 위해 최적 pH에서, Mg2+ 주입 몰비를 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 그리고 1.5(mole Mg2+/mole PO43-)로 변화시켰다. NH4+의 경우 Mg2+의 몰비가 커질수록 제거율이 높아졌다. 반면, PO43-는 1몰 반응일 때와 1.1 몰 이상의 반응일 경우에 큰 차이가 없으므로 1:1의 몰비로 struvite 형성을 유도하였다. Struvite 형성을 위한 반응시간 및 교반 속도에 의한 질소와 인의 제거율을 알아보기 위해 10분, 1시간 그리고 24시간의 반응시간과 100 rpm 그리고 200 rpm의 교반속도를 달리하여 실험한 결과 24시간의 반응시간에서 가장 높은 질소와 인의 제거효율을 나타냈으며, 교반속도와 반응시간 10분과 1시간의 경우 질소와 인의 제거효율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.