본 연구는 희토류비료 시비가 8년생 '후지'/M.9 사과의 미량원소 변화 및 사과의 수확 품질과 5개월간 4 저장 후 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 1년차 희토류 비료의 시비는 '후지' 사과 과실내 란타늄, 프라세오디뮴, 가돌리늄 및 네오디뮴을 축적하였다. 또한 2년차 연구에서 높은 농도의 희토류비료 시비는 보다 많은 량의 희토류 성분을 과실에 축적하여 과실내 희토류의 축적은 희토류비료의 시비량에 비례하였다. 이러한 희토류비료의 시비는 과실내의 다른 미량원소인 칼슘, 마그네슘과 칼륨의 농도에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 희토류비료 시비에 따른 과실 품질조사에 있어, 희토류비료 0.2%의 엽면살포는 수확기 사과 과피의 붉은 색을 증가시켰으나, '후지' 과실의 과중, 경도 및 산도는 변화가 없었다. 저장 사과의 희토류비료 시비효과를 조사한 결과, 희토류비료 처리된 사과의 경우 무처리에 비해 5개월 저장 후 과실의 연화 및 적정산도의 감소를 지연시키며, 호흡률과 에틸렌발생을 감소시켰다.

본 연구는 2년간 '홍로'/M.9 및 '후지'/M.9 품종의 적과를 위한 석회유황합제 및 어유와의 혼합처리 효과를 조사하기 위해 진행하였다. '후지' 1년 차에 있어, 만개 시 석회유황합제 1% 또는 2% 처리는 대조구에 비해 정과 및 액과의 유과수를 감소시켰다. 하지만 2차년도에는 석회유황합제 1% 또는 2% 단용처리에서는 정과 유과수의 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 다만 석회유황합제 1%의 3회 처리에서는 1차년도와 2차년도 모두 유의적인 적과효과를 나타내었다. 석회유황합제 1%의 다중처리는 '홍로'에서 가장 효율적인 적과효과를 나타내었다. 1차년도의 경우, 석회유황합제 1%의 2회 또는 3회 살포가 효과적인 적과효과를 보였으며, 2차년도에서는 석회유황합제 1% 1회처리를 제외하고는 모두 유의적인 적과효과를 나타내었다. 첨가된 어유의 경우 대부분의 경우 석회유황합제의 적과효과를 강화하지 않았다. 본 시험에 사용된 모든 처리구는 과실의 동녹 형성에 악영향을 미치지 않았으며, 또한 '후지' 및 '홍로'의 과실 중량, 경도, 가용성고형물 및 적정산도와 같은 과실품질에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

This paper estimates the impact of terms of trade(TOT) on economic growth and inflation for seven Asian countries. We find that for China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, the deterioration of TOT can promote economic growth. In the case of the improvement of TOT, the domestic price tends to decrease in Philippines and Turkey. In contrast, CPI in countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan rises because of the improvement of TOT. According to the results which are based on the VEC model, we can conclude when the TOT of China, Indonesia, Pakistan and Philippines is not so appropriate from the long-run equilibrium, the economy can also turn back to the equilibrium by error correction process. And there are statistically nonsignificant trends toward the influence of long-terms economic balance to real GDP per capita of India and Malaysia. As for the situation of CPI in India and Pakistan, when TOT is impacted, the economy can still turn back to the equilibrium by error correction process. But the adjustment coefficient of China, Philippines and Turkey is not so significant in statistics.

This paper investigates the impact of oil price shock on three domestic price indices such as import price index(IPI), producer price index(PPI) and consumer price index(CPI). According to the results of estimated 5-variable VAR model which utilized monthly data from 2000.1 to 2014.7, international oil price does Granger-cause IPI and PPI, but the lags of oil price do not enter into the equation for CPI. The accumulated impulse response analysis shows that the responses of one standard deviation shock of oil price result in 1.435%, 0.319% and 0.107% increases in import, producer and consumer price index after three years, respectively. The results of variance decomposition indicate that the influence of oil price to producer price index is much bigger than the import and consumer price indices.

The U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis, which has broken out in 2008,caused great impact on the countries and economies around the world, many countries have carried out a profound reflection in dealing with the financial crisis. The dollar's role became lowered in the crisis. China, as a large developing country in the world has been growing increasingly in the current financial crisis and made a tremendous contribution to the stability of the global economy. Thus, Many people believe that China has possessed some basic conditions of the internationalization of the RMB. Internationalization of the RMB is the Yuan can cross borders outside the circulation, was generally recognized as an international valuation, the process of settlement and reserve currency. Now RMB has been accepted by many countries as payment and settlement. Although the circulation of RMB outside does not mean the RMB has international, but the expansion of RMB circulating outside the end will inevitably lead to the internationalization of the RMB, making it to be one of the international currencies. However, at present, the level of internationalization of the RMB is relatively low. So there are still some difficulties on the path of internationalization of the RMB at this stage. Barriers to internationalization of the RMB are as follows: domestic financial markets showed a lower level of development, central bank independence is not high, the economic power and comprehensive national strength is still relatively weak. In order for a currency to be accepted and circulated globally, its compatibility, stability, liquidity and freedom of convertibility should be guaranteed. The current liberalization of China`s financial system is important in ensuring this. If the RMB is accepted as a key currency, China would experience a seigniorage effect, lessening the cost of maintaining foreign exchange reserves. Proposals for the internationalization of RMB to strengthen the economic base of internationalization, gradually improve the RMB exchange rate market and the capital markets system, guide the structural transformation of international trade, the gradual increase in international liquidity and the progressive realization of the RMB convertibility under capital account and so on. Although at this time RMB is not able to fully implement all functions as an international currency does, but with the development of China's economy and political system, the improvement of China's comprehensive national power, RMB internationalization will be achieved in the future.