Korea companies in China often encounter a series of problems such as Chinese employees frequent job quitting，antipathic to authoritarianism management in Korean companies, mistrust and labor disputes caused by increasing labor disputes and etc. through a deep analysis I found the root to these questions is the cultural differences between China and Korea. Traditional korean culture emphasizes community consciousness, the features of which are authoritarianism, collectivism, and exclusivecronyism. in addition, hierarchical army culture has great impact in Korean society and culture, therefore, Korean companies are featured as collective communities with clear hierarchical employment system. different from korea, as enforcing Communist Party and collapse of feudal Confucianism, hierarchy culture emphasizing differences between gender, age and social level is diminishing, instead, equal consciousness is growing,"everyone is equal" is greatly emphasized in human relations. Korean companies in China needs to get rid of Korean-centered thinking mode and rethink more about Korean way of management, which means to improve parental authoritarian management and use "democratic" management fitting Chinese present situation. creating equal working environment and enhancing democratic communication is important in decreasing cultural differences and increasing humane trust. therefore effective human resources management can be realized.

Since 1980, the international franchise disputes around the science and technology have become the mainstream of economic friction. Over problems between enterprises, the trade frictions between countries become the trend of development. Developed countries from technical reform in order to ensure the international competitiveness and improve the balance of payments as well as protect their own new technological patent, require their trade deals should also protect the patent right. Therefore, the economic increase from new technology and economic frictions of international balance of payments from developed and developing countries become more and more important. In the presented study, by comparing patent dispute cases , crucial countermeasures were developed.

This paper aims to discuss the semantic types of subordinate compound words between Korean and Chinese. First, we discussed the concept of subordinate compound words, then analyzes the concept and the location of the head words in the subordinate compound words. We know that Korean is the head-final language, for the head of is at right. On the contrary, the location of the head of Chinese compound words is not fixed. There are many left-head word structure of compound words in Chinese nouns, verbs and adjectives. By analyzing the semantical structure of the compound words, most of the words are the right-head structure in both korean and Chinese. There are many left-head semantic structure of subordinate compound nouns, verbs and adjectives. By contrast, there are a little left-head semantic structure of subordinate compound verbs and adjectives. There are many same points in right-head semantic structure of subordinate compound. In chapter 4, By analyzing the specific words, we studied the semantic types of subordinate compound nouns, verbs and adjectives between Korean and Chinese. Finally, we came to the conclusion of this paper. We wish this paper will contribute to comparative Study between Korean and Chinese.

Interrogative sentences can reveal not only questions but also various pragmatic meanings such as conjecture, doubt, confirmation, request, command, irony, emphasis, and admiration, etc. in the usual communication. They are commonly used as a syntactic down-grader in order to prevent pragmalinguistic failures and also reinforce the effect of utterance in communication The Indirect Speech Acts of Korean interrogatives are studied in this paper. In particular, the nature of semantics of interrogatives, the correlation of interrogatives and epistemic modality, the subclassification of its' semantics, and also, the conception of Indirect Speech Acts, the discourse function of interrogatives were included in this paper based on a critical analysis on the previous studies. He semantics of interrogatives are context-depended. So future studies about the correlation of pragmatic factors and the specific expressions of languages will be continued.

This paper has carried out a study on “Children head theory” and “Thatched cottage biography”, the two hanmun compositions on Kim Jin Yang published in the late Goryeo period. By studying the texts, the relationship between Kim Jin Yang and the two authors, and the creation date, the author of this paper has analyzed the structures, forms, styles, and writing tactics of these two compositions, trying to investigate the differences in between. An conclusion is drawn that the difference of these two compositions lies in their genres, one is "theory" and the other is "biography ". Kwon Geun and Lee Sung In eulogized Kim Jin Yang not only ecause of their friendship, but his frugality which is advocated by the scholars. Kwon Geun’s “Children head theory” described the liberal, high-spirited and vigorous young Kim Jin Yang by using a pleasant tone and a lively atmosphere. This composition is different from the traditional ancient Chinese "theory", which is much more like a “miscellany”, this is the Goryeo type of "theory". The Lee Sung In’s “Thatched cottage biography” describe the later years of Kim Jin Yang, so the atmosphere of this article is quite plodding, aiming at sketching out Kim Jin Yang’s aloofness and he can take the rough with the smooth even after his dismissal. This composition is also different from the traditional ancient Chinese "biography". Both two compositions not only helped to research the Goryeo scholar Kim Jin Yang, but also has a great importance for study the hanmun "theory" and "Biography" during the transition period from the end of the Goryeo to the beginning of the Chosun.

Korean honorifics system is very well developed. It is divided into three categories, including subject Korean honorifics, object Korean honorifics and relative Korean honorifics. Firstly, this paper briefly introduced the three types of Korean honorifics, and then mainly investigated the most important part of Korean honorifics system-relative Korean honorifics. Besides, the paper researched the mistakes Chinese learners often made, comparing with Chinese honorifics. The paper may help Chinese learners to understand and master Korean honorifics much better and efficiently.

중국은 5000여년의 역사를 가진 文明古國이고 깊은 역사적 자원과 아름다운 자연 경관의 여러 문화자원을 보유하고 있다. 그러나 문화산업 측면에서는 영국, 미국, 프랑스, 독일, 호주 등 문화 선진국에 비해 낙후되어 있고, 뿐만 아니라 아시아의 한국, 일본 등 나라에 비해서도 큰 차이가 보인다. 현대사회에 문화에 깊은 영향을 미치고 있으며 문화가 가진 힘은 막대하며 문화산업의 발전은 이미 각국의 글로벌 환경 중에서 가장 중요한 발전요소가 되었다. 이를 뒤늦게 깨달은 중국정부도 21세기부터 문화산업을 중요시하기 시작 문화산업이 오늘날까지 발전해 오면서 이미 단일한 산업영역을 넘어 국민경제 전반에 영향을 줄 수 있게 되었지만 아직까지 많은 한계점이 존재하다. 문화산업의 발전을 촉진하기 위해 정책 환경을 필요할 것이다. 특히 창의적 환경을 조성하려면 개방적인 분위기의 조성과 발산적 사고를 유도하는 정부의 지원 정책 및 프로그램의 적극적인 도입을 필요할 것이다. 본고는 중국문화산업 발전하는 데에 필요한 창의적 환경을 양성하기 위해 현재 육성정책의 문제와 향후 정책과제에 대해 검토하고자 한다.

본 연구에서는 세계화 시대에 적합한 다문화교육의 방향을 탐색하기 위해 중국의 중학교 ‘역사와 사회’ 교과서 1종, 2권을 분석하였다. 분석기준은 글로벌 다문화교육 관점에서 문화적 다양성에 따른 국가, 인종(민족 포함), 종교, 사회계층, 연령, 성별, 장애 등 일곱 가지 범주였다. 분석방법은 양적 방법과 질적 방법이다. 분석범위는 다문화교육 내용을 집중적으로 다루는 문화 주제들이다. 이에 따라 다문화교육은 어떤 측면의 문화적 다양성을 주목하였고 어떠한 관점에서 다루어졌는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 중국의 다문화교육은 국가와 인종·민족의 다양성을 중심으로 설명되었지만, 국가와 민족이 같은 의미로 사용되었기 때문에, 사실상 국가문화의 차원에서 ‘세계문화 백화원’을 제시하여 국제이해교육을 지향하였으며, 국내의 다민족·다문화 교육을 전혀 언급하지 않았다. 이러한 다문화교육은 글로벌 다문화교육의 관점에서 볼 때, 국제이해교육의 차원에 머물러 있는 수준으로, 국제이해교육과 다문화 교육을 통합시켜 다문화이해를 바탕으로 평등, 정의, 공존을 추구하는 글로벌 다문화교육과는 아직 거리가 있다는 한계를 보였다. 이상 분석 결과를 토대로 사회과 교육과정과 교과서에서 다문화교육 내용을 선정할 때 고려할 사항들을 네 가지로 제안하였다. 첫째, 다문화교육은 국가, 인종, 민족, 종교, 사회계층, 연령, 성별, 장애 등을 포괄하는 넓은 의미의 문화적 다양성을 반영해야 한다. 둘째, 다문화교육은 국제이해교육의 차원을 넘어서 다문화이해를 바탕으로 공존, 평등, 정의를 추구하는 글로벌 다문화교육의 차원으로 확대될 필요가 있다. 셋째, 다문화교육은 특정 단원·주제에 추가적으로 다루어지는 기여적 접근과 부가적 접근을 넘어서 변혁적 접근과 사회적 행동 접근으로 나아가야 한다. 넷째, 지방교육과정과 학교교육과정뿐만 아니라, 국가교육과정 및 이에 따른 교과서에서도 다민족교육을 반영할 필요가 있고, 또 중국에 거주하는 외국인도 다문화교육의 대상으로 고려할 필요가 있다.

중국은 1990년대부터 대외개방을 천명하고 외국자본을 유치하거나 선진기술을 도입하기 위하여 연해항만지역을 중심으로 보세구, 수출가공구, 보세물류원구 등 특별 경제구역을 설치하여 운영하고 있다. 그러나 중국은 WTO 가입한 이후 판세수준이 낮아져서 기존의 보세지역의 보세기능은 약화되고 있다. 이에 따라 청부는 보세항구를 특별구역으로 다시 지정하여 새로운 개념으로 성장시키고 있었다. 중국의 보세항구는 물류 가공 무역 등 기능을 통합 운영하여 보세물류의 구성 단위로서의 장점을 강화시키고 있다. 2005년에 중국정부는 보세항구로서의 상하이 양산항을 항만배후단지로 지정하여 운영하고 있다. 이어서 2010년까지 총 14 개 지역 의 보세항구를 지정하여 국제적인 환적 및 배송 그리고 중계무역 혹은 수출가공을 담당하는 고도의 대외개방 시범구역으로 육성시키고 있다. 중국 청도항만은 세계 허브항만이 되기 위해 2000년 7월 청도 전만 항만을 건설하고 개발했다. 전만항이 개발된 이후 아시아 허브항만의 경쟁이 더욱 치열해졌다. 싱가포르항, 한국부산항은 항만을 재개발하면서 항만경쟁력을 제고하여 최종 허브항만 경쟁에서 이기는 것을 도모하고 있다. 이런 배경에서 중국은 청도항의 개발을 시작했다. 2008년에 청도 보세항구를 설립하여 항만을 전면적으로 개발했다. 그러나 보세항구의 보세항구 제도 실시가 오래되지 않고 초기단계이어서 많은 문제점이 있다. 그리고 중국정부는 항만에 대한 연구가 부족하고 항만의 기능설치, 발전모델이 명확하지 않았다. 이로 인해서 중국 청도 보세항구를 개발하는 과정에 많은 어려움을 겪었다. 현재 청도보세항구는 발전이 잘 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이런 환경에서 청도보세항구는 해외선진구의 발전방안을 참조할 필요성이 제기된다. 선진항구의 발전방안을 참조하여서 자신의 발전시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하여야 한다.

The U.S. sub-prime mortgage crisis, which has broken out in 2008,caused great impact on the countries and economies around the world, many countries have carried out a profound reflection in dealing with the financial crisis. The dollar's role became lowered in the crisis. China, as a large developing country in the world has been growing increasingly in the current financial crisis and made a tremendous contribution to the stability of the global economy. Thus, Many people believe that China has possessed some basic conditions of the internationalization of the RMB. Internationalization of the RMB is the Yuan can cross borders outside the circulation, was generally recognized as an international valuation, the process of settlement and reserve currency. Now RMB has been accepted by many countries as payment and settlement. Although the circulation of RMB outside does not mean the RMB has international, but the expansion of RMB circulating outside the end will inevitably lead to the internationalization of the RMB, making it to be one of the international currencies. However, at present, the level of internationalization of the RMB is relatively low. So there are still some difficulties on the path of internationalization of the RMB at this stage. Barriers to internationalization of the RMB are as follows: domestic financial markets showed a lower level of development, central bank independence is not high, the economic power and comprehensive national strength is still relatively weak. In order for a currency to be accepted and circulated globally, its compatibility, stability, liquidity and freedom of convertibility should be guaranteed. The current liberalization of China`s financial system is important in ensuring this. If the RMB is accepted as a key currency, China would experience a seigniorage effect, lessening the cost of maintaining foreign exchange reserves. Proposals for the internationalization of RMB to strengthen the economic base of internationalization, gradually improve the RMB exchange rate market and the capital markets system, guide the structural transformation of international trade, the gradual increase in international liquidity and the progressive realization of the RMB convertibility under capital account and so on. Although at this time RMB is not able to fully implement all functions as an international currency does, but with the development of China's economy and political system, the improvement of China's comprehensive national power, RMB internationalization will be achieved in the future.

To study the value-relevance of accounting information for business combinations in Chinese capital market, this paper uses Ohlson(1995) residual income valuation model to empirically examine the correlation among the enterprise stock price, consolidated earnings, consolidated book values, goodwill and earnings of combined party that have been realized prior to the combination. Empirical results show that the value-relevance of accounting information for purchase combinations is higher than that for pooling combinations, and accounting method employed is one of the important reasons. Furthermore, we put forward some corresponding policy recommendations to improve the value-relevance of accounting information for pooling combinations.

The progress of tourism industry between China and P.Korea have common interests. Tourism cooperation is helpful to realize the complementary advantages and is conducive to regional peace and security. In this paper, find out the measures to promote the progress of tourism cooperation between China and P.Korea through analyzing the market situation of China and P.Korea tourism cooperation in order to provide some advice for the progress of China and P. Korea tourism cooperation.

The related concepts of energy saving are introduced in this article. There are four differences between energy saving trading and carbon emissions trading, which are the consideration, transaction subjects, focused problems and the realizing route. In addition, the accounting confirmation and measurement of enterprises’ energy saving trading are researched. As to the accounting confirmation, the enterprise energy saving can be divided into two parts, which are respectively as the intangible assets and tradable financial assets for parallel processing according to the proportion of R confirmed by the enterprise itself. Moreover, the accounting measurement of enterprises’ energy saving trading can be in accordance with the fair value.

Hangul initiative has very important value and significance in the the history of literature in Korea. The reason is that with the appearance of Korean, its literature has opened up a new scene which is totally different from before, when "Chinese character" is used as a method to remark. While it has made great contributions to the development of literature but because it is the foreign language, it has limitations when Korean expressing their own thoughts and feelings which cannot be denied. Hangul overcomes this obstacle, for Korean are free to use their own words to express their ideas, which has opened the new chapter of Hangul literature. Especially when citizens but not only nobles began to grasp and use Hangul to express their own feelings, it is undoubtedly it is of great significance for the road to the popularization of Hangul literature. Changes on literature based on the popularity of Korean can not realize overnight. With the research on a series of Hangul works at the age of Hangul appearing, this paper aims to make observations on its influence and functions in the development of Hangul literature.

In this paper, firstly, from the input-output perspective of technological innovation, technological innovation process is divided into technological development process and technological achievements transformation process. On this basis, technological innovation efficiency can be decomposed into technological development efficiency and technological transformation efficiency. Secondly, on the basis of the two-stage technological innovation, by analyzing each stage in the process of technological innovation input and output elements, we design the input-output index system in each stage respectively, and ultimately get the high-tech industrial technology innovation efficiency evaluation index system. Thirdly, we build a chain network DEA model to evaluate the two-stage process of technological innovation of high-tech industry, include the overall efficiency of technological innovation and the efficiency of the two sub-stages. Finally, use chain network DEA model to calculate the technology innovation efficiency, technological development efficiency and technological transformation efficiency of high-tech industry of China's 25 regions in 2000-2010. According to the calculation results of h the empirical analysis of the efficiency of technological innovation of China's high-tech industry, and provide a reference for the provision of policy advice.

With the deepening of the reform and opening up, Chinese export structure is getting better step by step. Economic and trade also get a sustained and rapid development and present a trend of globalization, information, marketization and integration. The increase of the foreign commercial enterprise promotes the export of China. The development of foreign direct investment, the rise of multinational corporations, the proportion of intra-industry trade and the deepening of international division of labor also attract widespread attention for the relationship between the direct investment and trade. However, it is obviously necessary to do the theoretical research and empirical analysis to accurately assess the positive effects brought by the trade of foreign direct investment. About the foreign direct investment how to impact China's trade structure is subject to our objective evaluation which is based on China's import and export trade statistics. Therefore, this article starts from the angle of the investigation of the present status of the export trade in China by comparing the domestic and foreign research status quo of foreign direct investment crude foreign direct investment on China's export trade structure optimization, the influence of the empirical analysis of FDI to our country export trade structure optimization, and based on this, advances the effectiveness of the optimization of the structure of export trade in our country's policy and the suggestion.

The Korean War which broke out in 1950 made a deep impact on the Korean society. From the view of human losses, the war caused more than 5 millions’ death and more than 10 millions of people missing and separated from their families. Thus many Korean postwar novels confronted these tragedies by involving the theme about losses of family members. These novels usually focused on losses of parents, losses of husbands, and losses of children that hurt families greatly. Especially, as the male supporter of the family, the loss of fathers or husbands made their family members naturally sink into life and economic crisis. By analyzing the novels with the theme on family losses, the thesis tries to explore the damage the war made both on people and human nature, and meanwhile expound the meaning of novels of this kind in the Korean modern literature history.

With the development of society, those newly-coined words are widely spread and used in people’s economic, social and cultural life. Besides, due to the advanced internet and network, more and more internet new words are coined and the speed of it is increasingly faster. There is no doubt that those internet new words are not only popular among young people, but also adopted by people of all the ages. The author in this paper aims to study and analyze the occurrence and spread of the words newly-coined from sociological, psychological and linguistic perspectives, and in the mean time to observe the specific mentality of modern people as well as all kinds of social phenomena. This paper mainly focuses on the analysis of new words in both China and South Korea from the perspectives of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, among which the former concludes three parts of psychology of filling invacancies, psychology of language minimization and imitative, conspicuous motivations and poppsychology, while the latter involves four parts of reflection of life style, economic phenomena, appearance supremacist and pursuit of health. Through the analysis and study of the newly-coined words in China and South Korea in the light of sociology as well as psychology, the author finds that the occurrence and spread of new words in both the two countries is greatly influenced by society and people’s mentality, resulting in similar types of new words emerging in the two countries. Thus, fundamentally, new words are coined and popularized because of the integration of human’s specific mentality and social phenomena.

As an important weather phenomenon, snow has been the key point of people’s life since ancient times. Not only many men of letters wrote about it and created lots of famous poems, but the laboring people tied it closely with agricultural production as well as their daily life, concluding many rules guiding people’s agriculture and life and developed rich proverbs which are known till now. The description and expression of snow in Chinese and Korean are various, and this paper mainly makes detailed comparison about it from four perspectives of types of snow, way of snowing, proverbs and set phrases of snow and idioms of snow, in order to discover the similarities and differences of Chinese and Korean. Through analyzing the similarities and differences of the two languages, the paper can help learners of the two languages make progress and pave the way for the cultural exchanges of China and Korea.

Since 2008 the world financial crisis, implemented by the America government monetary payment policy has brought increased liquidity, but the decline in the dollar value of the decline of the export competitiveness of the countries all over the world, especially since 1980, Japan's economy is facing difficulties great, plus American monetary easing, the Japanese economy and more faded. Since 2012 October the Japanese far right parties, Liberal Democrat Andouble government came to power, the Japanese government yen devaluation, depreciation of the yen to Japanese economic recovery, but the Asian countries has been on the Japanese export oriented development mode, and the types of export commodities are more or less the same, therefore, the depreciation of the yen after Japan's exports have the great competitiveness, but at the same time the rest of Asia's export competitiveness has declined. The yen short-term the biggest damage country is South Korea, then China, but the total economic China than South Korea, namely the yen's depreciation on Chinese is very large, especially Chinese ships, iron and steel, auto parts and other heavy industry. Chinese are developing countries, the developing countries China heavy industry development is essential in its economic growth on the road, the developed countries of western countries and Japan have to rely on the development of heavy industry, heavy industry development level decides the development level of a country, RMB appreciation has lasted one and a half years, from a in the short term, has little effect on the Chinese economy. To observe effects of yen depreciation consequences, and through this thesis research the effect of the devaluation of the yen Chinese industry and explore the impact of future devaluation of the yen Chinese.