The purpose of this study was to develop a recycling system for ozone off-gas. Although the ozone transmission rate of the injector method differs slightly depending on the ozone injection rate, it reaches approximately 99%, which is very high. During the increase in water inflow to the ozone recycling system from 2 L/min to 10 L/min, the average ozone recycling rate was 99.4% at a 1 ppm ozone injection rate, 98.6% at a 2 ppm ozone injection rate, 98.1% at a 3 ppm ozone injection rate. Ozone treatment facility operating costs can be divided into the costs of pure oxygen production, ozone production, and maintenance. The annual operating costs of ozone treatment facilities in Korea are estimated to be approximately 38.9 billion won. The annual savings are estimated to be approximately 5.8 billion won when the ozone transfer rate of the diffuser method, which is mostly employed in domestic water treatment plants, is 85% and 15% of the ozone is recycled.

This study was carried out to investigate the economic and environmentally friendly process of drying sludge by combining a mechanical dewatering filter press and thermal dryer. The dryer for 40 kg/hr of dewatered sludge consisted of a main dryer, a heat exchanger, a pre-dryer, and supplementary equipment. During the dewatering process, 100 kg of sludge with 80.11% water content was diluted and mixed with 400 kg of water and ferric chloride solution was added as a sludge conditioner. The average water content of dewatered sludge cake was 60.9% and the energy consumption rate (ECR) for removing water was 226.9 kcal/kg-H2O. Hot flue gas generated from the main dryer was utilized as heating air for the pre-dryer in the heat exchanger. When 36 kg/hr of dewatered sludge cake was dried, the ECR was 1,009 kcal/kg-H2O with 3.96% water content. The combined operation of the dewatering and the thermal drying processes showed that the ECR was reduced sharply to 521 kcal/kg-H2O. The high humidity gas generated from each drying unit in the main dryer was recirculated to the odor decomposition chamber in the main dryer to destroy odor components at a high temperature. The odor concentration of humid gas generated by the pre-dryer was very low due to the relatively low operating temperature.

다량으로 발생하는 하/폐수 슬러지를 처리하는 방법중 하나는 건조하여 고형연료로 활용하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 파일럿 규모의 설비를 설계, 제작하여 하/폐수슬러지 탈수 및 건조특성을 연구하였다. 전처리 과정으로 슬러지 함수율을 낮추고 악취를 감소하기 위하여 염화제2철을 투입하여 탈수하였다. 건조공정은 연소실과 건조실이 통합된 최대 처리규모 40[kg/hr]인 일체형 건조기와 건조기에서 배출되는 고온, 고습의 배가스를 외부공기와 열교환하는 열교환기, 열교환기에서 가열된 외부공기를 열원으로 하는 밴드통기형건조기로 구성하였다. 슬러지는 탈수과정에서 함수율이 저감되므로 pin mill을 사용하여 분말화하여 밴드통기형건조기에 투입하였다. 밴드통기형건조기는 4단으로 구성되며 상부로부터 분말 슬러지가 공급되고 열풍은 하부로 공급되는 향류접촉방식이다. 1차 건조된 슬러지는 일체형건조기에 공급된다. 건조기 상부에 가스버너가 설치되어 발생한 열풍은 축열재를 거쳐 하부에 위치한 건조실을 지나 열교환기를 통과한 후 외부로 배출된다. 건조실내에는 4단의 paddle형 건조기가 설치되어 있으며 슬러지는 상부로부터 공급되어 차례대로 건조기를 통과한 후 로타리밸브를 거쳐 외부로 배출되고 건조용공기는 외부공기가 건조실내 pipe를 통과하면서 가열되어 각 건조기에 공급된다. 운전 데이타는 건조기가 열적평형에 도달한 기간중 취득하였다. 함수율 71.5%의 탈수슬러지를 31[kg/hr] x 8.5[hr] 공급시 배출된 건조슬러지는 72.96[kg]이었으며 이때 투입한 에너지는 203,320[Kcal]이었다. 순에너지소비율은 1,104[Kcal/kg-H2O]이었으며 함수율은 5.9%이었다. 함수율이 60.62%인 탈수슬러지를 36[kg/hr] x 4[hr]공급시 배출된 건조슬러지는 48.78[kg]이었으며 이때 투입한 에너지는 86,144[Kcal]이었다. 순에너지소비율은 1,009[Kcal/kg-H2O]이었으며 함수율은 3.96%이었다.

The proper disposal of digestate from biogas plants has been focused while the use of biogas plants to treat organic waste has been considered as a way of green energy production. This study analyzed chemical and biological characteristics of two types of digestates from 6 domestic biogas plants for low cost and environmental recycling. The results showed that separated solids met current standard for compost within organic content, ratio of organic matter and NaCl concentration, although water content and maturity of separated solids did not meet the standard. Total content of N, P2O5 and K2O in separated liquids met current standard for liquefied fertilizer except that in separated liquids from sewage sludge, although NaCl content of separated liquids from food waste exceed the standard. Heavy metal content, coliform count and 2 kinds of harmful microorganisms were also detected below domestic standard for compost and liquefied fertilizer. These results suggested that digestates from biogas plants could be recycled to be fertilizer with additional treatment such as post-composting or salinity removal process.