본 논문은 분점정부 하에서 국회 효율성을 ‘공공선택론(Public Choice)’ 의 관점에서 분석하였다. 기계·경제적, 사회·정치적 등 다양하게 측정되 는 효율성의 개념을 살펴보고, 국회 효율성을 국회 위원회 제도, 대통령 거부권, 국회의원의 활동 및 국회 의안 처리를 기준으로 분석하였다. 구 체적으로 뷰캐넌과 톨록의 집단의사결정에 관한 이론을 근거로 국회의 위원회 중심주의 운영제도가 어떻게 효율성을 제공하는지를 분석하였다. 또한 거대 양당의 대결 구도가 더 심각해지는 분점정부(여소야대) 구조가 국회 효율성에 미치는 영향을 대통령 거부권 제도와 연계하여 분석하였 다. 본 연구는 제21대 국회 상반기는 단점정부로, 하반기는 분점정부 구 조라는 데 주목하면서, 대통령 거부권 행사, 국회의원의 활동, 국회의 의 안 처리 등을 각각 비교·분석하였다. 제21대 국회의 효율성은 단점 정부 인 상반기가 하반기보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 분점정부에서 나타 날 수도 있는 국회 효율성이 상쇄된 것은 여야의 양당 정쟁 구조가 대통 령과 국회의 극단적인 대결 구도로 굳어지고 있다는 것을 시사한다.

This study investigated associations between healthy dietary practices and the odds of prediabetes among Korean adolescents. The data of 1,624 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who participated in the 2017-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Healthy dietary practices were defined according to Health Plan 2030 criteria, and prediabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL. After controlling for confounders, adjusting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prediabetes were determined for different healthy dietary practices using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Compared with adolescents who engaged in healthy dietary practices, those who did not had a 1.63-fold (95% CI: 1.12-2.37) higher odds of prediabetes. In addition, adolescents who did not consume ≥500 g of fruit and vegetables daily and those who refrained from reading nutritional fact labels, which are both subindicators of healthy dietary practices, had a 1.66 (95% CI: 1.05-2.62) and 1.58-fold (95% CI: 1.06-2.37) higher odds of prediabetes, respectively, than those who did. Increasing the proportion of adolescents engaging in healthy dietary practices, such as consuming ≥500 g of fruit and vegetables daily and reading nutritional fact labels when selecting food, is imperative.

For important structures such as nuclear power plants, In-Structure Response Spectrum (ISRS) analysis is essential because it evaluates the safety of equipment and components installed in the structure. Because most structures are asymmetric, the response can be affected by eccentricity. In the case of seismically isolated structures, this effect can be greater due to the difference between the center of mass of the structure and the center of rigidity of the isolator layer. Therefore, eccentricity effects must be considered when designing or evaluating the ISRS of seismically isolated structures. This study investigated the change of the ISRS of an isolated structure by assuming accidental eccentricity. The variables that affect the ISRS of the isolated structure were analyzed to see what additional impact they had due to eccentricity. The ISRS of the seismically isolated structure with eccentricity was amplified more than when there was non-eccentricity, and it was boosted more significantly in specific period ranges depending on the isolator’s initial stiffness and seismic intensity. Finally, whether the displacement requirement of isolators can be applied to the variation of the ISRS due to eccentricity in the design code was also examined.

eDNA (environmental DNA)란 특정 환경에 서식하는 생물로부터 유래한 DNA를 의미한다. 환경 시료로부터 추출한 eDNA를 활용하면 해당 환경에 서식하는 생물들의 효율적이고 정확한 모 니터링을 수행할 수 있다. 해수 시료로부터 얻은 eDNA를 기반으로 해양생물 다양성 연구를 수행할 수 있다. 해수 시료를 채집하고 이로부터 eDNA를 추출한 뒤, metagenome 분석을 통 해 서식하는 해양생물의 종 동정과 다양성 분석이 가능하다. 본 리뷰에서는 이처럼 해수의 eDNA를 활용하여 해양 지역의 생물 다양성 연구를 수행하는 전체적인 과정을 제시하고 있다. 아직 국내에는 해양생물 다양성 연구를 위해 eDNA를 적용하는 방법이 보편화 되어있지 않으 며, 본 리뷰를 기반으로 이와 같은 eDNA 연구 방법을 정립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, the quality of sow pork was compared with commercial pork to evaluate sow pork as raw meat material for processing. Texture, cooking loss, color, pH, water, lipid, fatty acid, volatile profiles, and sensory characteristics of 3 parts (tenderloin, loin, hind leg) of sow and commercial pork were analyzed. In texture analysis, sow pork had significantly higher shear force compared to commercial pork (tenderloin: sow 143.19 N, commercial 107.79 N; loin: sow 173.62 N, commercial 120.65 N; hind leg: sow 211.76 N, commercial 112.80 N) (p<0.05). There were significant differences in cooking loss, color, and pH, but they differed by part. A total of 49 volatile compounds were identified, and there were significant differences in 22 volatile compounds. In the case of hexanal (one of the warmed-over flavors), which was detected on the largest scale, the relative concentration was significantly higher in the tenderloin of commercial pork (p<0.05). On the other hand, no differences were reported by sensory analysis for hardness, off-flavor, juiciness, oiliness, appearance, taste, and acceptability between cooked sow and commercial pork. This study provides a database on the quality of sow pork by parts, which is considerable to develop proceed meat products using sow meat.

Considering that the number of middle-aged single-person households is increasing, this study investigates dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and mental health according to household type. Data were procured from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 5,466 participants aged 50-64 years were classified into 2 groups: a household with one member was defined as a single-person household, and households with two or more members were described as multi-person households. Single-person households comprised 10.63% of the total, with a higher average age, and lower income and economic levels than multi-person households. Compared to multiperson households, single-person households had a higher frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and dining out, the moderately and severely food insecure group was more than 5 times, and nutrient intake and dietary quality were poorer. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms were 2.35 times (95% CI: 1.39-3.96), and suicide ideation was 1.95 times (95% CI: 1.35-2.82) in single-person compared to multi-person households. Our results lead us to conclude that poor dietary intake in middle-aged single-person households affects the mental health, and the above factors should be considered when framing the dietary policy.

지리산 국립공원 내 구상나무림의 종조성과 식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 구상나무 자생지역에 약 400㎡ 면적의 조사구 49개소를 설정하여, 식물사회학적 방법에 따라 현장조사를 실시하고, 이원지표종분석(TWINSPAN)과 표조작법을 병용하여 군집 분류를 실시했다. 그 후 군집 유형별 중요치를 활용한 종조성 분석, 종다양도 분석, 흉고직경급 분석, 치수 분석 및 유사도 분석을 시행하였다. 군집 분류 결과, 지리산의 구상나무림은 A, B, C, D, E 등 총 5개의 군집으로 분류되었다. 관중-함박꽃나무-조릿대와 미역취-사스래나무-실새풀에 의하여 2개의 군집으로 구분되며, 전자는 층층나무-산수국에 의하여 A, B 유형으로 구분되었다. 후자는 마가목-진달래 군집과 전형군집인 E 유형으로 구분되고, 가문비나무-곰취와 단풍취에 의하여 C, D 유형으로 구분되었다. 식생 분석을 통해 지리산 구상나무림은 구상나무, 신갈나무, 당단풍나무, 쇠물푸레나무, 사스래나무 등의 중요치가 높게 나타났으며, 종다양도의 경우 선행 연구에서 나타난 지리산 구상나무림의 종다양도와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 흉고직경급 분석 결과 전 층위에서 구상나무가 우점하며 치수 생장도 양호하여 당분간 구상나무의 우점이 유지될 것으로 판단하나, 추후 증가할 것으로 예상되는 생물다양성의 가치와 기후변화로 인한 위협을 고려하였을 때, 지속적인 모니터링을 실시하여 각종 위협에 대응하는 체계적인 보전 및 관리가 요구된다.

본 연구에서는 남극 로스해 연안에 서식하는 아델리펭귄(Pygoscelis adeliae)과 황제펭귄 (Aptenodytes forsteri)의 분변 시료를 기반으로 펭귄 장내 미생물 메타지놈 연구를 수행하였 다. Taxonomy 분석 결과, 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내 미생물에는 주로 7개의 문(phylum), 18개의 과(family)가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 미생물 다양성을 평가하기 위해 Alpha diversity 및 OTU abundance 분석을 수행한 결과, 전반적으로 아델리펭귄의 장내 미생물 다양 성이 황제펭귄보다 높은 것을 확인하였고, PCoA를 기반으로 한 Beta diversity 분석을 통해 두 개체군 간 장내 미생물 군집에 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. PICRUSt를 활용한 기능적인 차원의 KEGG pathway 분석을 통해서는 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄 시료에서 nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis pathway가 가장 많이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 남극 아델리펭귄과 황제펭귄의 장내미생물 구성과 다양성을 비교분석 할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 는 향후 펭귄의 먹이 섭식 관련 연구에 활용될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 다양한 남극 생물의 장내 미생물 메타지놈 분석에 대한 기초가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Timber structures are susceptible to moisture, contamination, and pest infestation, which can compromise their integrity and pose a significant fire hazard. Despite these drawbacks, timber's lightweight properties, eco-friendliness, and alignment with current architectural trends emphasizing sustainability make it an attractive option for construction. Moreover, timber structures offer economic benefits and provide a natural aesthetic that regulates building temperature and humidity. In recent years, timber domes have gained popularity due to their high recyclability, lightness, and improved fire resistance. Researchers are exploring hybrid timber and steel domes to enhance stability and rigidity. However, shallow dome structures still face challenges related to structural instability. This study investigates stability problems associated with timber domes, the behavior of timber and steel hybrid domes, and the impact of timber member positioning on dome stability and critical load levels. The paper analyzes unstable buckling in single-layer lattice domes using an incremental analysis method. The critical buckling load of the domes is examined based on the arrangement of timber members in the inclined and horizontal directions. The analysis shows that nodal snapping is observed in the case of a concentrated load, whereas snap-back is also observed in the case of a uniform load. Furthermore, the use of inclined timber and horizontal steel members in the lattice dome design provides adequate stability.

This study investigated the potential role of dietary factors associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Koreans. The scoping review method was used to evaluate the studies that utilized the secondary data sets comprising the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Articles published between 2012 and 2022 were identified using RISS, KISS, DBpia, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. In all, there were 32 published articles on obesity and 119 on MetS. Obesity research included eight articles on nutrients, 12 on food items/food groups, two on dietary patterns, nine on dietary behavior/eating habits, and one on the dietary index. MetS studies comprised 34 articles on nutrients, 43 on food items/food groups, seven on dietary patterns, 25 on dietary behavior/eating habits, and 10 on the dietary index. Carbohydrates, alcohol, and coffee consumption were the most frequently studied dietary factors for obesity and MetS. The primary areas of study were largely focused on nutrients and food items/food groups. Thus, to overcome the paucity of information on the relationship of dietary patterns and dietary indexes with obesity and MetS, there is a need for further research using the KNHANES and KoGES data sets.

In this paper, the instability of the domed spatial truss structure using wood and the characteristics of the buckling critical load were studied. Hexagonal space truss was adopted as the model to be analyzed, and two boundary conditions were considered. In the first case, the deformation of the inclined member is only considered, and in the second case, the deformation of the horizontal member is also considered. The materials of the model adopted in this paper are steel and timbers, and the considered timbers are spruce, pine, and larch. Here, the inelastic properties of the material are not considered. The instability of the target structure was observed through non-linear incremental analysis, and the buckling critical load was calculated through the singularities and eigenvalues of the tangential stiffness matrix at each incremental step. From the analysis results, in the example of the boundary condition considering only the inclined member, the critical buckling load was lower when using timber than when using steel, and the critical buckling load was determined according to the modulus of elasticity of timber. In the case of boundary conditions considering the effect of the horizontal member, using a mixture of steel and timber case had a lower buckling critical load than the steel case. But, the result showed that it was more effective in structural stability than only timber was used.

In this research, the case of modern wooden structures since 1950 with span of 30m or more was investigated and analyzed the construction status and structural planning characteristics of wooden large space architecture. As a result, wooden large space buildings have built around Asia, North America, and Europe, in which cases of ice skating stadiums with span of 30m to 60m were concentrated. In the case of baseball parks and football stadiums, even a span of about 165m was built in a wooden structure. In addition, it was found that the structural systems used in wooden large space structures were a funicular arch and truss structure, in that cases, funicular arch system consisting of radial arrangements was used in the examples exceeded 150m and the two way truss system was also used in long span wooden structures exceeding 100m. As the truss structure with a tie-rod or the flexure+tension structure was partially investigated, it can be seen that various timber structural systems need to be devised and researched. Also, It was investigated that a technique in which some members of the truss are made of steel or a composite member of steel and timber is also possible to develop

In this paper, the physical model and governing equations of a shallow arch with a moving boundary were studied. A model with a moving boundary can be easily found in a long span retractable roof, and it corresponds to a problem of a non-cylindrical domain in which the boundary moves with time. In particular, a motion equation of a shallow arch having a moving boundary is expressed in the form of an integral-differential equation. This is expressed by the time-varying integration interval of the integral coefficient term in the arch equation with an un-movable boundary. Also, the change in internal force due to the moving boundary is also considered. Therefore, in this study, the governing equation was derived by transforming the equation of the non-cylindrical domain into the cylindrical domain to solve this problem. A governing equation for vertical vibration was derived from the transformed equation, where a sinusoidal function was used as the orthonormal basis. Terms that consider the effect of the moving boundary over time in the original equation were added in the equation of the transformed cylindrical problem. In addition, a solution was obtained using a numerical analysis technique in a symmetric mode arch system, and the result effectively reflected the effect of the moving boundary.

Traditional wooden buildings deform over time and are vulnerable to fire or earthquakes. Therefore, traditional wooden buildings require continuous management and repair, and securing architectural drawings is essential for repair and restoration. Unlike modernized CAD drawings, traditional wooden building drawings scan and store hand-drawn drawings, and in this process, many noise is included due to damage to the drawing itself. These drawings are digitized, but their utilization is poor due to noise. Difficulties in systematic management of traditional wooden buildings are increasing. Noise removal by existing algorithms has limited drawings that can be applied according to noise characteristics and the performance is not uniform. This study presents deep artificial neural network based noised reduction for architectural drawings. Front/side elevation drawings, floor plans, detail drawings of Korean wooden treasure buildings were considered. First, the noise properties of the architectural drawings were learned with both a cycle generative model and heuristic image fusion methods. Consequently, a noise reduction network was trained through supervised learning using training sets prepared using the noise models. The proposed method provided effective removal of noise without deteriorating fine lines in the architectural drawings and it showed good performance for various noise types.

In order to evaluate the earthquake safety of equipment in structures, it is essential to analyze the In-Structure Response Spectrum (ISRS). The ISRS has a peak value at the frequency corresponding to the structural vibration mode, but the frequency and amplitude at the peak can vary because of many uncertain parameters. There are several seismic design criteria for ISRS peak-broadening for fixed base structures. However, there are no suggested criteria for constructing the design ISRS of seismically isolated structures. The ISRS of isolated structures may change due to the major uncertainty parameter of the isolator, which is the shear stiffness of the isolator and the several uncertainty parameters caused by the nonlinear behavior of isolators. This study evaluated the effects on the ISRS due to the initial stiffness of the bi-linear curve of isolators and the variation of effective stiffness by the input ground motion intensity and intense motion duration. Analyzing a simplified structural model for isolated base structure confirmed that the ISRS at the frequency of structural mode was amplified and shifted. It was found that the uncertainty of the initial stiffness of isolators significantly affects the shape of ISRS. The variation caused by the intensity and duration of input ground motions was also evaluated. These results suggested several considerations for generating ISRS for seismically isolated structures.

꼬막은 해양 어업으로써 아시아 전 지역에 있어서 중요한 수산자원 중 하나이다. 하지만, 공장 의 산업화, 해양 환경오염, 그리고 지구 온난화로 인해 해양 어업 생산량이 급격히 떨어졌다. 우리나라 남해안의 주요 수산자원인 꼬막의 유전적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 꼬막의 전장유전 체를 해독하고 염색체 서열을 규명하였다. 915.4 Mb의 게놈을 조립하였고, 19개의 염색체 유전자 서열을 식별하였다. 꼬막의 유전체에서 25,134개의 유전자들을 확인하였고, 그 중에 22,745개 의 유전자들에 대한 기능을 확인했으며, 4,014개의 유전자들에 대한 KEGG pathway를 분석하 였다. 꼬막유전체와 8종의 다른 패류와 비교유전체 분석을 통하여 확장/감소(gene gain and loss) 분석을 수행한 결과, 725개의 유전자군의 확장과 479개의 유전자군의 감소를 확인하였다. 꼬막의 homeobox 유전자 클러스터는 촉수담륜동물 내에서 잘 보존된 유전자 구조를 보였다. 또한, 꼬막은 3개의 hemoglobin 유전자들이 피조개의 hemoglobin과 높은 유사성을 보였다. 꼬막의 전장유전체 정보를 통해 꼬막의 환경 적응과 진화의 유전적 특성과 생리적 특성뿐만 아니라, 꼬막 양식의 효율성을 높이는 양식산업에 널리 이용될 수 있는 유전적 정보를 제공 할 것이다.