최근 전기차 시장의 확장으로 배터리 산업이 급격히 성장함에 따라 폐배터리 리사이클링 기술 개발의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 폐배터리 리사이클링 기술은 배터리 산업에 핵심적인 리튬, 코발트, 니켈 등 희소금속의 공급을 안정화하고 환경 및 인간의 건강에 미치는 영향을 경감할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 금속 회수 기술의 배경이 되는 이론적 원리와 현재 상 용되고 있는 금속 회수 공정을 소개하고자 한다. 또한, 기존 공정의 문제점을 개선하려는 연구 및 기술 개발 동향을 서술하여 리사이클링 기술이 나아가야 할 방향을 소개하고자 한다.

PURPOSES : In this study, we aim to broaden the understanding of the factors influencing the accuracy of WIM systems for overload enforcement. Particularly, we explored the proportions and causes of secondary influencing factors (driving path, vehicle class, and acceleration), which have been relatively less studied and reduced the accuracy of the WIM system. METHODS : Overload enforcement data were recorded by the WIM system, and enforcement officers were gathered. The ratios of each data point, which are the relative errors, are used to estimate the accuracy of the WIM system. These relative errors were classified into four driving-path groups, four vehicle-class groups, and three acceleration groups. The change in the accuracy of the WIM system caused by each influencing factor was analyzed by comparing the difference in the average relative error between the classified groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch's ANOVA were used to determine significant differences between groups. RESULTS : Vehicles departing from a normal driving path make it difficult for the GVW compensation algorithm of the WIM system to operate properly. For these abnormal paths, the standard deviation of the average GVW relative error was 22%. There was no specific trend in the difference in accuracy by vehicle class. However, we found that the rear axle and retractable axle were the main causes of the reduced GVW accuracy in each vehicle class. The average GVW relative error remained the same regardless of the acceleration, but the average FAW relative error of the accelerated vehicle was approximately 2.5% lower than that of the unaccelerated vehicle. CONCLUSIONS : An abnormal driving path, lifting of a retractable axle, and rapid acceleration (or deceleration) reduce the accuracy of WIM systems. Intelligent transportation systems, such as traffic signals, telematics devices, and applications that induce desirable driving are required for effective overload enforcement. Additionally, it is necessary to smoothen the road pavement to minimize the dynamic effects on the rear axle.

PURPOSES : This study is performed first to define the aging of road facilities and to analyze the effects of environmental factors on the deterioration of median barriers. METHODS : The aging of road facilities is defined using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The first stage is associated with the period, facilities, and maintenance, whereas the second stage is associated with the details. The effects of environmental factors on the deterioration are analyzed by measuring the carbonation depth and compression strength. Two regions, i.e., Gangwon and Busan, are compared separately. Top, middle, and bottom samples are analyzed for both regions. RESULTS : Based on the result of the AHP analysis, weights for period (0.220), function (0.410), and maintenance (0.370) are derived. The average carbonation depths are 11.12 and 9.78 mm for Kangwon and Busan, respectively. The estimated values of compressive strength at Gangwon are 19.7 MPa (Wonju), 24.7 MPa (Samcheok A), and 25.9 MPa (Samcheok B), 20.2 MPa (Haeundae), 23.8 MPa (Yeongdo), and 29.5 MPa (Nam). CONCLUSIONS : The aging of road facilities is associated with subpar functionality and durability. Furthermore, the median barriers constructed in the Gangwon region deteriorated more significantly than those in the Busan region owing to environmental factors. In addition, the bottom samples are more affected by aging than the top samples.

Recently Korea and China’s logistics industry developed rapidly. Because two countries’ industry have complementarity, there are broad basis and area for cooperation between China and Korea. This study compares and analyzes the logistics development trends and competitiveness of two countries, and suggests mutual win-win logistics cooperation between the two countries based on macro cooperation of government and micro cooperation of enterprises. This is important for the two countries to participate in the global supply chain system, promote regional cooperation in Northeast Asia, and enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of the logistics industry.

Logistics standardization not only stands for logistics industry competitiveness, but also it is core competitive power. And Logistics industry makes smooth the exchange of goods, service and information in improving economic efficiency. Logistics cooperation between Korea and China becomes important issue because it has strategic meaning for two countries’ benefit. Korea and China should reform logistics standardization and cooperate each other. This study based on analysing the China’s logistics standardization policy, and comparison of ywo countries’ logistics standardization, explored the alternatives of its cooperation between Korea and China in the new perspective.