이 글은 미래 선교의 중요한 독립변수들로서 인구절벽과 4차 산업혁명의 이슈들을 검토함으로써 한국 교회 선교의 미래를 조심스럽게 전망하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 인구절벽 현실에서 교회 선교의 연관성을 살펴본다. 인구절벽의 문제는 세계인구 증가율과 비교해 상대적으로 감소하고 있는 한국 인구 때문에 어쩔 수 없이 교인 수 감소를 받아들여야 하는 현실이 되었다는 점에서 그 실상을 살펴본다. 그 결과 인식의 전환이 필요한데, 전체 인구수에서 그리스도인의 비율을 높이는 전략을 취해야 한다. 또한 생물학적 성장 이외의 성장방법론을 취해야 한다. 또 다른 교회 선교의 독립변수로서 4차 산업혁명을 살펴볼 필요가 있는데, 특히 인구절벽의 상황에서 4차 산업혁명의 성과물을 활용하는 전략을 적극적으로 발굴할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조한다. 따라서 이 글은 고령자가 늘어나고, 디지털 기술로부터 소외된 사람들을 위해 교회 선교 자원을 동원하여 사회봉사 차원에서 접근할 필요가 있다는 점을 제시하려고 한다.

서구 교회의 선교 패러다임은 그동안 전통적 교회 선교, 교회성장 론에 기초한 교회 선교, 건강한 교회론에 근거한 교회 선교, 선교적 교회론에 기반을 둔 교회 선교론으로 이행되어 온 바, 한국 교회의 선교 역시 동일한 패러다임으로 수용되어 약간 변형되면서 자가 발전되 고 있다. 여기서 교회 선교란 파라처치와 구별되는 지역교회 중심적인 선교를 말한다. 그런데 이 교회 선교가 위기를 맞고 있다. 이런 상황에서 우리는 미래 교회 선교 전략과 그 방향성, 그리고 한국 교회 선교의 질적, 양적 성장을 위한 새로운 계기를 마련하고, 새로운 로드맵을 짜며, 그에 따른 적절한 플랫폼을 구축해야만 한다. 이 글은 서구에서 새롭게 태동 발전하고 있는 선교적 교회론의 특징들 중에서 한국 교회에 기여할 수 있다고 생각되는 신학적 논리들을 정리해 본다. Missio Dei 신학의 통전적 해석, 교회성장론과 건강한 교회론의 대안적 성찰, 지역사회에서 교회의 사명과 역할에 대한 재각 성, 국내전도와 해외선교의 이분법적 구별을 극복, 신학교육의 방향성 과 콘텐츠에 대한 역사적, 신학적 자기반성의 기회를 제공하는 것이 바로 그것들이다. 그리고 이 글은 한국적 상황에서의 선교적 교회론이 당연히 필요하 고 가능하다고 보면서 그것이 강조하고 있는 논리들을 실제로 선교 현장에 적용함에 있어서 무엇이 문제가 될 수 있는지도 살펴본다. 1) 선교적 교회론은 그것을 성취하기 위한 프로그램이나 매뉴얼을 세계의 미숙한 교회들을 위해 제공할 필요가 있지 않겠는가, 2) 보냄을 강조함으로써 자칫 방치할 수 있는 교회 내부의 갈등이나 재정 책임, 교회갱신의 문제를 누가 책임질 것인지, 3) 기존의 교회가 제공하지 못하는 교회의 본질을 말함으로써 선교적 교회론의 논리가 너무 훌륭하 다 보니 교단이나 교회 이탈의 명분을 제공하는 것은 아닌지, 4) 용어 ‘선교적’이 함축하고 있는 모호성보다는 합의된 정의가 필요한 것은 아닌지 한국에서 문제될 수 있는 것들을 제기한다. 아무튼 이 선교적 교회론은 교회 선교를 중심에 두고 있다. 한국의 교회들이 자신들 삶의 자리에서 하나님의 선교를 어떻게 수행할 것인가 를 묻고 대답하기 때문이다. 또한 한국적 상황화를 추구하는 선교적 교회론은 교회가 자신의 정체성을 찾아 그 본질인 선교를 어떤 장소에서 건, 어떻게 이 정치와 경제, 종교들의 문화 속에 성육신 할 수 있는지를 항구적으로 다룬다. 물론 한국의 교회 선교는 이 선교적 교회론을 통해 공동체 중심의 노마드적 교회 선교, 공동체 중심의 저비용 교회 경영 및 선교 사역, 상시 가능한 교회 선교 사역(디아코니아) 및 정의, 평화, 창조의 보전 실현, 교회 직제의 수평화를 통한 교회 선교 의사소 통, 선교자원의 공동체화를 통한 지역에서의 고효율적 재배치를 이뤄내 야 할 것도 과제이다.

이 글은 ‘한국의 교단들이 복음적인가?’라는 근본적인 질문에 대한 대답을 추적한다. 이 질문에 대답하기 위해서는 일단의 평가기준을 마련할 필요가 있었다. 여기에 적절한 것이 선교적 교회론의 관점에서 교단주의 혹은 교단들에 대한 평가들이었다. 그래서 먼저 2장에서 밴 겔더의 연구 성과물을 중심으로 북미 교단들의 현실과 나아가야 할 방향을 살펴보았다. 북미교단들의 평가가 중요한 것은 한국의 교단들 대부분이 북미로부터 수입되었고, 그 성쇠 패턴이 유사하기 때문이다. 그 평가들에 따르면 북미교단들은 역사적으로 시대적인 상황 속에서 변화, 발전되었다는 사실이 드러났다. 그리고 현재 각 교단들은 철저히 성서적인 기반 위에 성립되어야 하고, 역사적으로 상황을 중시해야 하며, 사회적으로 다양한 계층들이 복합적으로 모이는 공동체가 되어야 하고, 조직적으로는 통전적인 선교적 교단으로 발전되어야 함을 강조하고 있다. 이때 선교적 교단은 교회를 해체하자는 운동이 아니다. 3장에서 우리는 앞서 추출된 기준과 방향성을 잣대로 삼아 한국 교단을 평가해 보았다. 그 결과 한국 교단들의 통제시스템, 미래예측, 선교자원 활용이 상당히 부족함을 지적하였다. 이것을 극복하기 위해 성경적인 선교적 교단들을 추구해야 하고, 여전히 각 교단들의 상호예의가 필요하며, 사회변화에 따른 다양한 선교대상들을 접근해야 하고, 각 교단들의 선교적 연계성이 필요하다는 점을 제시하였다. 특히 사회적 영향력을 상실하여 교단들의 교세가 감소되는 위기적 상황에서 복음 속에서 그 극복의 단서를 찾고 교회의 본질을 회복하는 교단의 모습과 선교적 리더십을 가진 목회자, 선교적 교회 마인드로 무장된 교인들이 많이 양육되어 배출되도록 하는 시스템이 갖추어져야 할 것을 제시하였다.

The researcher in this paper tries to suggest proper indicators of the missional church based on his critical evaluation to Dr. Kookil Han’s study of missional churches in Korea. The researcher describes ‘Missio Dei,’ ‘the Bible-centered evangelicalism,’ ‘the emphasis of indigenous culture,’ ‘practicalism,’ ‘the focus on the essence of the church,’ ‘dynamics of the Holy Spirit,’ ‘ministry of lay people,’ and ‘the pursuit of the dispersive church’ as the main characteristics of the missional church. The researcher highly evaluates Dr. Kookil Han’s endeavor to study emerging missional churches in Korea. However, the researcher points out that some cases which Dr. Han introduced, do not reach to the criterion of the missional church in terms of the main characteristics of the missional church. In this paper, Songahk church, Hannam first church, Sungkwang church, Kwangyang-Daekwang church, Sungam church are described as emerging missional churches in Korea. From the common characteristics of these churches, the researcher factors out 12 indicators for the missional church: 1) the missional church is to be on evangelistic ecumenicalism based on theology of Trinity; 2) the missional church should exercise good influence to the local community; 3) the missional church needs to contribute to the development of the local society; 4) the missional church ought to understand the true value of the church; 5) the missional church should endeavor to be a living community; 6) the missional church must not have any internal conflict among people in the church for more than ten years; 7) the missional church needs to endeavor for the cross-cultural mission; 8) the missional church should support the horizontal structure in which the clergy and the laity lead the faith community together; 9) the missional church is to catch up with the changing trend of the region and the times; 10) the missional church should be financially independent; 11) the missional church ought to be ecumenical in working with others; 12) the missional church must work for the larger community where the local church stands.The researcher lastly argues that Korean church leaders need to dig out more missional churches in Korea and establish a reliable criterion indicating the missional church for developing a biblically faithful and culturally relevant missional ecclesiology in Korea.

This article discusses and evaluates the ministry of an American laywoman missionary Mary Fletcher Scranton and her son William Benton Scranton, who founded the JungDong Hospital, SangDong Hospital, AhHyun Church, SangDong Church, and DongDaemoon Church. The writer first starts with the following questions: “How did they define their identity as a missionary?” The writer answers it in terms of their motive to apply for missionary and their direction for mission. Second, “What was their motive, method, and purpose of mission?” Third, “What was the heritage that they bequeathed to us and what lessons can we learn from?” Answering the above questions, the writer concludes missiological implications based on his research. In particular, he provides evidence supporting that Mary and William Scranton, as apposed to other western missionaries during that time era, did not try religious colonialization and did not intend to ingrain the western civilization into Korean society. In spite of the dangers they faced, they entered into Korea with strong aspirations of missions and in concretely have contributed to building the foundation for the evangelization of Korea by planting local churches and hospitals. The biggest contribution of Mary Scranton's ministry was to challenge the sexual discrimination imposed by Confucianist beliefs, by first starting a new school for women, and thus implanting a spirit that women can work cooperatively with men, not as an inferior, but as a partner, with equal rights. With the love of Christ, William Scranton also did his best to care for the poor and the weak by building new hospitals and pharmacies. In a word, Mary and William Scranton chose Korea to actualize their vision for world mission, and lived a successful life as the Christ’s disciples by understanding the history and culture of Korea and by serving for the poor people in Korea. In spite of their just and healthy motives, method, and purpose for their mission, they, like other western missionaries in that era, lacked to provide the missional church model to Korean Christianity. We cannot learn simply out of their deep dedication and desire to develop the missional church in Korea, enlarging the kingdom of God on earth and adapting to the Korean indigenous culture. This deficit came from their lack of missional theology, being simply lay missionaries, the Scrantons lacked the proper educational background in theology. Despite their deep passions, well intended will, and endless love of Christ, they were not able to grasp the bigger picture of the missional theology, thus falling short in accomplishing God's purpose for the Korean people and the world mission.

The enthusiasm and expectation of Korean churches for short-term mission is tremendous today. As a result, the number of short-term missionaries reaches 100,000 per year approximately. There are several reasons though, Korea's economic growth, church growth, and overseas travel liberalization since January 1, 1989 are inferred as a major steppingstones for the explosive growth of short-term mission. The expectation for short-term mission of Korean churches can be categorized into two according to their intention. One is for local church growth and the other is for training of candidates for long-term mission. In any events, short-term mission today not only contributes to the attainment of goal for sharing the gospel in a cross-cultural environment in a short period, but also settles down as an effective program for church growth. However, negative view on short-term mission appears at the same time. Externally critics on short-term mission suddenly stood up since the hostage affair of short-term missionaries sent by Saemmul church in Afganistan on July 19, 2007. This was a big challenge for Korean churches, regardless of evangelical or ecumenical position, to understand the importance of comprehending local culture in mission field. Internally, the need of awareness in terms of self-reflection on short-term mission in the circle of Korean churches occurred. This came from the consciousness of crisis of the depression of Korean church growth, the weakness of long-term missionaries, the misrepresentation of short-term mission, and the official complaint to the essentiality of missionary work. Thus, more systematic and strategic training and theoretical theologizing works are needed today in Korea. Normally short-term mission means overseas missionary work between one and four year period, but nowadays it is accepted as a visiting tour of mission field in a period of a week or so. It also called differently according to the purpose, the motive, and the characteristic of the mission organization, such as short-term ministry, short-term service, mission trip, vision trip, exploratory training, and the like. However, the contents of these programs are almost similar, and thus, the name is often changed according the vision of mission organization and the solidity of the program. In this situation, this article surveys the problems of short-term mission from a missiological perspective and aims to suggest some alternatives. For this purpose, this study first analyzes the contents of publications related to short-term mission, and then discusses missiological issues to propose some alternatives.

The missiological tension with regard to the question of salvation and humanization is dynamic, and it is found in the different perspectives between the WCC camp and Lausanne camp or evangelical and ecumenical camps on the mission. Although the naps are getting narrowed thanks to the holistic missiology, the tension still exists in the Korean context, of which example is the CCK’s case that raised objection against hosting 2013 WCC conference. This paper is, focusing on the holistic feature of humanization and salvation, to provide a missiological base to overcome the problem caused by the discrepancy between K. Barth’s “God’s humanity” and Korean Christians’ inhumanity. It analyses style and patterns of criticism on Korean Christians, and argues that the culprit which causes Korean Christians' humanity to be criticised negatively is Christ-centered and Church-centered attitude of the Korean church, which is Korean evangelical camp’s theological stance. It points out that this is caused by lack of “God’s humanity” which helps Christians remain faithful to their own identity and mission. Therefore it suggests that this problem is solved when Christians acknowledge their own raison d'etre to realize God's humanity, and that by so doing the holistic balance between salvation and humanization is to be achieved. It also suggests ecological system and internet as a sample of holistic mission field which makes the interdependent mission possible.

Now, it presumes that dependent church, which is economically poor and numerically small, among Korean churches is 60-70 percent. Such dependent churches are on the increase. The first reason is that birthrate in Korea will be fallen and the number of young people will be fallen in Korean church. The second reason is related to the change of dwelling style. In Korea, high-rise apartmentsincrease in number now. The difference between churches, which are located in the religious site, and churches, which are not located in the religious site will be deepened. The third reason is that the faithfully mature members in small church will move into the big church. It is more serious that the small churches will disappear finally. In this situation, the study on the growth of church is focusing on the system of the bigger church. Even though most of Korean churches are small church, leaders of Korean church concentrated on the bigger church. As a result, the study on ministry and philosophy for small church is overlooked. In this respect, the successful model and developmental possibility of small church should be suggested for survival through the consistent self-change of small church. Therefore, this article will focus on directions for small church. Small churches should be aware of their biblical self-identity. Therefore, I will articulate the notion of the remnantin the Hebrew Bible. And I will find out the biblical basis for small church through the parable of mustard seed in New Testament. Finally I will try to suggest that the Bible provides us the balanced perspective which emphasizes the church as the community of faithful people of God not as small or big church.

This study is to investigate the relation between the revival and the growth of churches. This is, however, not to verify but to examine the historical process of it. I will show how the revival and the growth of churches have been related historically. For this, two kinds of data will be used. The first, in relation to a revival, is the novel A Revival by Giyoung Lee(1895-1984). the writer of North Korea, which satirized revivals of Korean churches from a critical perspective. Through this novel, I discriminate the difference and similarity between the present revivals of church and the early revivals of 80 years ago. And I approach the features of revivals and then the essence of revival movements. Secondly, concerning church growth, I discuss the relation between church growth and its revival movement which is based on McGavran’s Understanding Church Growth. I approach the relation by McGavran’s point of view. Finally I consider the situation of today’s Korean churches and presented their revival movement as a challenging subject.

Jesus proclaimed at Matt 18:20 “For where two or three come together in my name, there am I with them.” Jesus shared comfort with the minority and blessed them with the hands of healing. It is a picture of a church that should be a community in which even a few prayers gather and bear testimony calling the name of Jesus. If just two or three people get together, this meeting is not recognized as a church in reality. A rule of Korean Methodist Church says that a newly settled church has to be composed of more than 12 members who have been baptized. Korean Presbyterian Church, on the other hand, sets up a rule that a criterion of establishing a church is more than 15 baptized christian. At this stage, it is strongly needed to discuss what Jesus get together with even a few people means to the reality of modern church and to the argument of minor church in Korea. This study is just a general view for the establishment of the identity of small church. This paper is to introduce the concept of a small church in America. Then the approach to Korean situation is researched with the evaluation of missiology. It is desired that this study may be the foundation which sets up the criterion for the small churches in Korea.

This study of Asbury Missiology is an analysis of the theological characteristics of missiology. Through this analysis, the goal is to try to understand the direction where the American missiology is heading, to offer directives to help those who wish to study missiology in the United States, to compare the course of the Korean missiology and that of Asbury’s. Lastly, the goal is to look into which direction the course on Korean missiology, one of the categories of theological education in this global era, should be established and how it should be expanded. The first chapter is about understanding why look into this issue through Asbury Theological Seminary. The second chapter will look into the history of Asbury Theological Seminary and its theological tradition. The third chapter is about Asbury’s faculty and its missiology courses. In the fourth chapter, the characteristics of the curriculum of Asbury Missiology will be evaluated and the new alternative proposal of Stanley will be introduced and evaluated. In the fifth chapter, I will present the awaiting task that the Korean missiology academic world should solve, and finish up this text.

Es handelt sich bei diesem Artikel um einen Versuch, wie man die Spaltung der Kirche und der Theologie in Korea zu überwinden. Die Verhältnisbestimmung der Mission und der Theologie bei Karl Barth hilft dieser Uberlegung analogisch. 1m Vortrag “Die Theologie und die Mission in der Gegenwart", den Barth am 11. April 1932 an der Brandenburgischen Missionskonferenz in Berlin gehalten hat, versuchte er zu Wlssen, wie die Theologie der Mission dient，was die Mission von der Theologie erwartet. Nach ihm steht auch die Theolgie “ irgendwo neben der Mission als Versuch kirchlichen Gehorsams". Er sieht die Missionswille und die Theologie als zwei unabhängige Handeln der Kirche mit eigenen Gultigkeit. Die koreanische Kirche steht der Theologie wie die meisten andere christliche Lander gegenüber. Vor allem die evangelikale oder konservative Kirchen sind stark dafur verantwortlich. Die methodistische Rivalen Koreas schlossen zwei Theologen 1992 aufgrund von Häresie aus der Kirche aus. Die Theologie scheint durch dieses Ereignis einen großen Schock zu errcahren. In diesem Zusammenhang muß man diese dualistische Spalrung zwischen der Kirche und der Theologie abbrechen. Dazu trägt die oben etwähnte Uberlegung von Barth analogisch bei. Es darf nochmals betont werden, daß sich die Theologie von der Kirche unterschedet. Aber Ihre Funktion in der Kirche und der Theologie liegt nicht gegenüber. In dieser Bescheidung werden die Kirche und die Theologie auf alle Fälle beieinander sein müssen. Mit anderen Wort müssen die Kirche und die Theologie fur gesundes Kirchenwachstum zusammendienen.

Die Gemeindewachstumsbewegung ist ein missiologischer Terminus, der eine programmatische Bedeutung hat und vor allem in der Missiologie des 20. Jahrhunders eine große Rolle spielt. Sie glaubt, daß die Kirche wachsen kann. Das soll Gottes Wille sein. Die Bibel soll diese Theorie unterstützen. Daher hat sie ihre Theologie. Den theologischen Auftakt zur Kirchenwachstumsbewegung bildet D. McGavrans (1897- 1991) 1955 erscmenenes Buch “ The Bridges of God." Theologisch bleibt sie evangelikal-konservativ, wenngleich ihre Forschungsmethoden unkonventionell sind: 1. Die Herrlichkeit Gottes als Hauptziel des Menschen; 2. Die Souveränität Gottes und Verantwortung der Menschen; 3. Die Exklusivität des Heils durch Christus; 4. Die Herrschaft Christi; 5. Die Autorität der Heiligen Schrift; 6. Die gegenwärtigen und eschatologischen Wirklichkeiten der Sünde, des Heils, und des ewigen Todes; 7. Die gegenwärtige und zukünftige Wirklichkeit des Reiches Gottes Der Begriff “Kirchenwachstum" stammt aus McGavrans Konzept. Weil er die traditionellen rnissiologischen Begriffe “Mission" und “ Evangelsation" nicht als frisch hielt, setzt er die Wörter “ Kirche" und “ Wachstum" zusammen. Aus diesem Hintergrund entwirft P. Wagner seine Definition von dem Kirchenwachtum: “ Church Growth means all that is involved in bringing men and women who do not have a personal relationship to Jesus Christ into fellowship with him and into responsible church membership." T. Rainer beschreibt diese Definition ausführlicher: “ Church Growth is that discipline which seeks to understand, through bibJical, sociological, historical, and behaviorial study, why churches grow or decline. True church growth takes place when ‘Great Commission' disciples are added and are evidenced by responsible church membership. The discipline began with the foundational work of Donald McGavran." Darauf kommt die Definition von der Gemeindewachstumsbewegung: “ The Church Growth Movement includes all the resources of people, institutions, and publications dedicated to expounding the concepts and practicing the principles of church growth, beginning with the foundational work of Donald McGavran in 1955." Doch hinter dieser Wachstumsbewegung verbirgt sich noch irnmer die Wirklichkeit von dem Leiden der armen Menschen. Durch diese mit dem kommerziellen Kapitalismus und Marketing Strategie eng verbundene Gemeindewachstumsbewegung erfährt die Kirche, daß die großen Kirchen immer reicher und größer und die kleinen immer kleiner werden. Hier muβ sich ihre Theologie besonders der Missio dei zuwenden. Bei diesem Artikel handelt sich es um eine Einführung und diese kritische Annährung von der Theologie der Gemeindewachstumsbewegung.