학교폭력 문제는 우리 사회가 안고 있는 심각한 질병이다. 철학상담은 이 문제에 대해 근본적인 치유책을 내놓아야 한다. 특히 청소년들의 학교폭력과 관련한 현재의 신념상태를 진단해보고 철학적 반성을 거쳐 바람직한 신념상태로 전환시키는 데 철학상담이 기여할 바가 크다. 본고에서는 학교폭력 문제에 대해서 중학교 교실공동체를 장면으로 삼아서 비판적 구성주의 모형을 적용한 집단 철학상담의 사례를 제시한다. 이를 위해 먼저 논리기반치료(LBT)와 합리적 정서행동 치료(REBT)를 비롯한 기존의 철학상담, 철학치료의 이론적 전제들을 비판적 구성주의 모형과 비교해서 검토해보고, 토론중심의 상담자료와 사례를 제시해서 폭력의 정당성 문제를 둘러싸고 학생들의 기존 개념을 비판적으로 검토하여 새로운 개념을 정교화해 구성하도록 하여 정서, 인지, 행동교정을 유도한다.

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen removal from plating wastewater by a soil reactor. A combination of soil, waste oyster shell and activated sludge were used as a loading media in a soil reactor. The addition of 20% waste oyster shell and activated sludge to the soil accelerated nitrification (88.6% NH4+-N removal efficiency) and denitrification (84.3% NO3--N removal) in the soil reactor, respectively. In continuous removal, the influent NH4+-N was mostly converted to nitrate nitrogen in the nitrification soil reactor and only a small amount of NH4+-N was found in the effluent. When methanol was added as a carbon source to the denitrification soil reactor, the average removal efficiency of NO3--N significantly increased. The NO3--N removal by methanol addition in the denitrification soil reactor was mainly due to denitrification. The phosphorus was removed by the waste oyster shell media in the nitrification soil reactor. Moreover, the phosphorus removal in the denitrification soil reactor was achieved by synthesis of bacteria and the denitrification under anaerobic conditions. The approximate number of nitrifiers and denitrifiers was 3.3×105 MPN/g soil at a depth of 1～10 cm and 3.3×106 MPN/g soil at a depth of 10～20 cm, respectively, in the soil reactor mixed with a waste oyster shell media and activated sludge.

A laboratory experiment was performed to investigate nitrogen removal by the soil column. The addition of 20% waste oyster shell to the soil accelerated nitrification in soil column. The NO3--N concentration in the effluent decreased with the decrease of HRT(Hydraulic Retention Time). When methanol and glucose added as carbon sources, the average removal rates of T-N(Total Nitrogen) were 82% and 77.9%, respectively. The NO3--N removal by methanol supplementation in soil column can likely be attributed to denitrification. In continuous removal of nitrogen using the soil column, the COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) and NH4+-N removed simultaneously in organic matter decomposing column. The greater part of NH4+-N was nitrified by the percolated through nitrification column, and the little NH4+-N was found in the effluent. The T-N of 87.4% removed at HRT of 36 hrs in denitrfication column. Because of nitrified effluents from nitrification column are low in carbonaceous matter, an external source of carbon is required.