토양수분은 지면환경에서 일어나는 수문 순환을 이해하기 위한 중요한 기상인자일 뿐만 아니라 가뭄, 홍수, 산불 등과 같은 자연재해와 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 그러나 위성기반 토양수분 자료는 공간해상도가 매우 떨어져서 국지규모 분석에 직접적 으로 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서는 마이크로파 위성센서로부터 산출된 토양수분 자료가 가지는 공간해상도의 제약을 완화하기 위하여, 다양한 지면 변수와 공간통계법을 활용한 다운스케일링 기법을 도입하였다. 가장 정교한 다운스케일링 기법으로 평가되는 회귀크리깅을 이 연구를 통하여 토양수분 자료에 처음으로 적용하였다. 우리나라의 2013년과 2014년의 4월부터 10월까지 의 일자별 AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) 공간해상도 10km와 25km의 토양수분 자료를 각각 2km와 4km로 다운스케일링한 결과, 고해상도로 다운스케일링된 자료와 저해상도 원자료와의 일관성이 우수하게 유지되어, 다운스케일링 전후의 공간패턴과 자료특성이 잘 보존되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 제시한 다운스케일링 기법은 토양수분뿐만 아니라 여러 기상요소에 적용될 수 있으며, 위성영상이나 모형자료의 공간해상도 한계를 극복하기 위한 방편이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen removal from plating wastewater by a soil reactor. A combination of soil, waste oyster shell and activated sludge were used as a loading media in a soil reactor. The addition of 20% waste oyster shell and activated sludge to the soil accelerated nitrification (88.6% NH4+-N removal efficiency) and denitrification (84.3% NO3--N removal) in the soil reactor, respectively. In continuous removal, the influent NH4+-N was mostly converted to nitrate nitrogen in the nitrification soil reactor and only a small amount of NH4+-N was found in the effluent. When methanol was added as a carbon source to the denitrification soil reactor, the average removal efficiency of NO3--N significantly increased. The NO3--N removal by methanol addition in the denitrification soil reactor was mainly due to denitrification. The phosphorus was removed by the waste oyster shell media in the nitrification soil reactor. Moreover, the phosphorus removal in the denitrification soil reactor was achieved by synthesis of bacteria and the denitrification under anaerobic conditions. The approximate number of nitrifiers and denitrifiers was 3.3×105 MPN/g soil at a depth of 1～10 cm and 3.3×106 MPN/g soil at a depth of 10～20 cm, respectively, in the soil reactor mixed with a waste oyster shell media and activated sludge.

The purpose of this study was to develop the preliminary source fingerprints of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The source categories studied were vehicles, gasoline vapor, gasoline storage tank, coating, dry cleaning and road covering. The source samples were collected using 6L electro-polished stainless steel canisters for about 20 seconds. From this study, the main component emitted from VOC sources in Korea was toluene. The toluene proportion for road covering, vehicles, coating and gasoline vapor were 35, 18, 16 and 5%, respectively. The C2-C5 alkane and alkene compounds were mainly emitted from vehicles, gasoline vapor and gasoline storage tank. The main compounds of coating were m/p-xylene(34%), toluene(16%), 1,2,4-TMB(10%) and o-xylene(9%), which are aromatic hydrocarbons. In the case of dry cleaning, nonane(41%), 1,2,4-TMB (22%) and 1,3,5-TMB(13%) were mainly emitted.

Twenty organic chemical substances (Table 2) were isolated from untreated wastewater, as well as treated wastewater, collected at 76 companys of 9 industry group located in the basin of Youngsan River. Those organic compounds were analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(GC/MS) and confirmed through comparison with each standard reagents. Phenol, which was not detected in the raw wastewater, was identified in the effluent of treatment facility, indicating that phenol is generated from isopropylbenzene of plant wastewater.