The purpose of this study is to first examine the relationship between appearanceenhancing beauty practices and feminism, and secondly, to analyze public images of contemporary women using this paradigm. Through the lens of this relationship, we present a literature review and empirical research focusing on the evolution of public image trends among girl groups, with special attention to the Refund Sisters, a South Korean supergroup currently drawing mainstream attention as female icons. The scope of analysis includes girl groups dating from the 1990’s to the year 2020 and photos of the Refund Sisters. Our results indicate that firstly, free sexual expression is evident based on active use of sexuality; images contain bold demonstrations of females desire, expressions previously considered taboo. Secondly, we note deviations from more standardized female images, unique adornment of outward appearance, and rejection of normative female images through freer forms of self-presentation. Lastly, there is greater cultural and racial diversity, rejection of modern race and gender binaries, and increased representation of queer identities. However, the relationship between appearance-enhancing beauty practices and feminism is sometimes considered paradoxical, with some arguing that beautifying one’s outward appearance is a compulsory strategy and that it should be rejected in order to resist aesthetic pressure.

Membrane filtration process is an advanced water treatment technology that has excellently removes turbidity and microorganisms. However, it is known that it has problems such as low economic efficiency and the operating stability. Therefore, this study was to evaluate on the economical feasibility and operational stability comparison of membrane and sand filtration process in Im-sil drinking water treatment plant. For the economic analysis of each process, the electricity cost and chemical consumption were compared. In the case of electric power consumption, electricity cost is 68.67KRW/㎥ for sand filtration and 79.98KRW/㎥ for membrane filtration, respectively. Therefore, membrane filtration process was about 16% higher than sand filtration process of electricity cost. While, the coagulant usage in the membrane filtration process was 43% lower than the sand filtration process. Thus, comparing the operation costs of the two processes, there is no significant difference in the operating cost of the membrane filtration process and the sand filtration process as 85.94KRW/m3 and 79.71KRW/m3 respectively (the sum of electricity and chemical cost). As a result of operating the membrane filtration process for 3 years including the winter season and the high turbidity period, the filtrated water turbidity was stable to less than 0.025 NTU irrespective of changes in the turbidity of raw water. And the CIP(Clean In Place) cycle turned out to be more than 1 year. Based on the results of this study, the membrane filtration process showed high performance of water quality, and it was also determined to have the economics and operation stability.

로다민 6G는 형광의 대표적인 물질로서 광범위하게 사용되는 염료이다. 때문에 이것은 훌륭한 광 물리적 성질 을 가지고 있다. 최근에 다양한 로다민 6G 기반의 금속이온에 대한 형광성 탐지를 목적을 두고 있다. 새로운 종류의 페 노시아진을 포함하는 로다민 6G는 다섯 과정으로 합성했다. 형광분석과 비색적 측정으로 로다민 6G 스피로 고리 구조의 고리열림에 의해 다양한 금속이온을 포함하는 것을 나타내었다. 로다민 6G 에틸렌디아민 페노시아진과 로다민 6G 1,3디 아미노프로페인 페노시아진은 1H-NMR, GC-Mass 그리고 FAB-Mass를 사용해 특징을 보았다. 이들 탐지물의 양이온 감지 메카니즘은 스피로고리와 고리열림 형태 사이의 구조 변화를 기본으로 하고 있다. 여기에서 새로운 로다민 6G 중간체를 포함하는 페노시아진 이중체널은 Sn2+와 Al3+에 대해 감지한다.