The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the noise level and source, reduce the subway lineⅡ noise. As a result of measurement of subway line Ⅱ in Busan the highest value section of uproad line was from Jigegol to Motgol by 89 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 21 sections(55%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(71%) were produced rolling noise, 3 sections(14%) squeal noise, 2 sections(10%) braking noise and 1 section(5%) fan noise, and then a main noise source was the rolling noise. In case of downroad line, the highest value section was from Busan Metro Art Museum to Centum city, Motgol to Jigelgol by 88 dB(A). The sections of conversation and listening interference(over 80 dB(A)) were 18 sections(47%) of 38 sections. Among these sections, 15 sections(83%) produced rolling noise, 2 sections(11%) squeal noise and 1 section(6%) braking noise were investigated in this study. and then a main noise source was the rolling noise.

This study was conducted to reuse the rice straw ash as washing agent for oil contaminated soils. The results are summarized as follows. The physical characteristics of rice straw before and after burning were as follows ; In case of burning rice straw 1g, the rice straw ash was generated 0.14g and pH was changed neutrality into alkali(pH 10.9) and specific surface area was increased to five times and particle distribution was corresponded to fine silt(under 0.05㎜) The physical charateristics of rice straw ash were Carbon 10.9%, Hydrogen 1.5%, Oxygen 23.4%, Nitrogen 5.2%, Sulfate 1.2% and chemical charateristics were Si 189.2ppm, Ca 10.2ppm, Mg 4.7ppm. Oil cleanup ratio by pH varation were about 40～50% of initial concentration of oil by pH 10～11. As the result of cleanup comparative experiment, the rice straw ash was about 20～30%, the tritonX-100 about 40～50% of washing efficiency, and then in the future it will be possibility of substitute washing agent.

밀병(watercore)은 과실의 저장 및 유통 산업에 있어서 큰 영향을 주므로 이를 비파괴측정할 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 투광량을 이용한 사과의 밀병 판별 가능성과 밀병 판별에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 조사하였다. 사과의 화상데이터는 CCD 카메라를 사용하여 영상을 취득하였다. 밀병이 많이 든 사과는 밀병이 적게 든 사과보다 투광량이 더 많았으며 투광량에 의한 사과의 밀병 판별 정확도는 약 70%이었다. 사과의 과피두께, 색소층