본 연구는 제주도 연안의 해역별 해조류 분포특성을 비교하기 위하여 2018년 5월부터 12월까지 제주도 본섬 4개 정점과 유인도서 2개 정점의 마을어장에서 수행되었다. 해조류는 총 101종으로 녹조류 13종(12.9%), 갈조류 24종 (23.8%) 그리고 홍조류 64종(63.4%)이 출현하였다. 계절별로는 5월에 가장 많은 해조류가 출현하고, 10월에 가장 적게 출현하는 전형적인 온대해역의 특징을 나타냈다. 수심별 해조류 출현 종수는 5m와 8m에서는 66종과 65종으로 유사하였으며, 12m에서는 74종으로 최대였다. 해역별로는 도서해역인 우도에서 66종으로 가장 많은 해조류가 출현하 였고, 본섬의 동부 표선에서 27종으로 가장 적게 출현하였다. 출현종 가운데 중요도가 높은 해조류는 감태(Ecklonia cava)와 둘레혹산호말(Corallina crassissima)로 각각 21.1%와 20.3%를 나타냈으며, 방황혹산호말(Corallina aberrans) 9.2%, 에페드라게발(Amphiroa ephedraea) 6.2% 그리고 큰열매모자반(Sargassum macrocarpum) 4.4%의 중요도를 나타냈다. 해조류 중 산호말류는 평균 11.2종이 출현하였고, 각 해역의 산호말류 중요도는 평균 32.6%로 우도에서 14.7%로 가장 낮았고, 표선에서 가장 높은 41.0%를 차지하였다. 해조류 군락의 생태학적 평가지수(EEI)는 2.1∼10.0으로 표선의 5월과 6월 12m에서 가장 낮았고, 그 밖의 다른 해역에서는 평균 7.3이상으로 좋은 상태를 나타냈다. 본 조사에서 설정한 생태등급기준 Ⅰ등급은 우도와 추자도의 수심 12m이었으며, Ⅱ등급은 사계와 추자도의 수심 5 m와 8 m가 해당되었다. Ⅲ등급은 표선과 귀덕2의 수심 5m와 12m, 평대의 수심 5m와 8m가 해당되었으며, Ⅳ등급은 귀덕2의 수심 8m가 해당되었다.

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)

This study is about the control method of smart skin applying SPD(Suspended Particles Display). Smart skin is a self-developed composite window system for the purpose of reducing the cooling load and lighting load. The simulation by TRNSYS18 was modeled in detail based on an actual office located in Jeonju. The previously studied smart skin control method (case1) is a time-dependent control method, and a new control method (case2) was devised based on the data that consideration of daily insolation is important in an actual environment. As a result of simulation by case1, it was found that the amount of cooling energy and lighting energy saved was reduced by 15.1% and 39.2%, respectively, compared to the general model. As a result of the simulation by case2, it was found that the amount of cooling energy and lighting energy saved was reduced to 17.6% and 57.5%, respectively, compared to the general model. Therefore, the newly proposed control method considering the amount of insolation and time was found to be effective in reducing cooling energy and lighting energy.

In this study, a smart skin system that combines SPD (suspended particle display) and LGG (Lighting Guide Glass) and its optimal control method was developed for the purpose of simultaneously reducing the lighting load and cooling load in office buildings. And a demonstration site was built to test the results. The demonstration site was constructed as an experimental group with a smart skin system installed and a control group with a general window system installed. When the cooling energy consumption of the experimental group to which the smart skin system was applied was reduced by about 36.9% compared to the control group, the lighting energy was also reduced by 54.4%.

HANARO (High-flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor)는 우라늄의 핵분열 연쇄반응에서 생성된 중성자를 이용하여 다양한 연구개발을 수행하는 열출력 30 MW 규모의 연구용 원자로이다. 탈기탱크는 HANARO의 부속시설에 설치되어 있다. 탈기탱크는 내부환경요인으로 인해 기체오염물질을 발생시킨다. 탈기탱크는 기체오염물질을 허용 가능한 수준 이하로 유지하기위해 필요하며 기체시료채취판넬의 분석기에 의해 모니터링 된다. 응축수가 발생하여 기체시료채취판넬의 분석기 내부로 유입된다면, 분석기의 측정 챔버 내부에 부식이 발생하여 고장을 야기한다. 응축수의 생성 원인은 탈기탱크에 존재 하는 기체가 분석기로 유입되는 과정에서 탈기탱크와 분석기사이 온도 차이다. 응축수 생성을 억제하고 계통 내부에 생성 된 응축수를 효율적으로 제거하기 위해 탈기탱크와 기체시료채취판넬 사이에 히팅시스템이 설치되었다. 이 연구에서 우리는 히팅시스템의 효율성을 알고자 한다. 또한 Wall Condensation Model을 이용하여 유체 입구온도, 외부온도 및 히팅 케이블 설정온도 변화에 따른 파이프 온도와 평균응축량의 변화를 모델링하였다.

In this study, the energy use of buildings was compared and analyzed by using weather data predicted with machine running techniques. Python was used as a predictive program to predict weather data and TRNSYS was used to simulate the energy usage of buildings. For weather forecasting, weather data from 1 August to 7 August were studied to forecast ambient air temperature and solar radiation. The lowest error came in seven days, with the outside air temperature standing at 1.8 percent and the solar radiation at 2.4 percent. The energy use of the building was simulated by using weather data predicted through the 7 days learning data with the lowest error. As a result , the error rate of cooling energy use was 1.92%, the sum of cooling energy and lighting energy use was 1.79%, and the building control by using predicted weather data didn’t show a big difference with just control.

In this study, an algorithm for control of SPD(Suspended Particles Display) on Smart Skin was proposed. The office with SPD located in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do was modeled and simulated using TRNSYS18. Through simulation, the energy and lighting consumption of building were analyzed The two kinds of control algorithm(SPD and dimming control method for cool energy and lighting energy saving(CASE 1) and improved control method(CASE 2)) were compared. For this research, Two models(with and without SPD and dimming control) were analyzed by comparing the cooling energy and the light energy consumption was reduced 15.1%, and the lightind energy consumption was reduced by 39.2% more than the model without SPD and dimming control. But, at the improved control method(CASE 2) the cooling energy consumption was reduced of more 2.5% and lighting energy consumptions was reduced of more 18.3% than CASE 1. When using SPD and dimming control, lighting energy consumptions showed more sensitive to solar radiation than cooling energy consumptions. As the improved control method(CASE 2) showed more advantageous saving tate than SPD and dimming control metrhod for cool energy and lighting energy saving(CASE 1), it was found that the improved control method (CASE 2) must be utilized in practice for SPD and dimming control.

본 연구는 5·4운동 이후 1910년대부터 개혁개방 이후인 1980년대에 이르기까지 이 기간에 베이징을 묘사한 시를 큰 범주로 분류하여 분석했다. 분석 대상 작가들은 중국, 타이완, 한국 작가들을 대상으로 했는데, 이들 작품에 표출된 베이징 이미지와 이들의 표상이 시대가 흐를 수록 어떻게 변해가는지 그 변모 과정을 도출했다. 베이징 현대시를 베이징 성, 천안문(天安門) 광장, 전문역(前門驛), 호동(胡同), 공원과 신·구 베이징 사람들로 범주화하여 베이징의 빛과 그림자를 중국 현대시를 통해 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 베이징에 산재한 인문·자연·조형 경 관에 대한 표상과 이미지가 어떻게 생성되고 전파되며 유통되는지 살펴볼 수 있을 것이다.

In this study, we have defined measurement and verification methods and procedures to assess the energy use on the utility system of building. Time series data conversion methods and algorithms have been proposed in performance evaluation options. To verify the feasibility of the method, the energy consumption of the refrigerator, which was an energy utility, was measured and analyzed. we present an algorithm based on the annual base conversion and analyze it based on actual data. As a result, a k-means clustering moving average method was defined for the performance calculation option A, and the use time correction coefficient method was proposed. The validity of this method was verified through the verification.

In this study, we have investigated the optimal control method and the energy saving possibility when the dimming control for lighting and the suspended particles display(SPD) glass for window were applied to reduce the lighting load and the cooling load in office buildings. Simulations were carried out during from 8:00 am to 7:00 pm of typical one day on summer, winter and intermediate season. Simulation results showed that the cooling and lighting energy usage was reduced to 21.2% compared to the baseline model. Therefore, it was possible to predict the optimum control method of the suspended particles display(SPD) window to control the transmittance for energy saving and the dimming control for lighting during summer season.

이 논문은 중국 현대소설, 특히 신감각파(新感覺派)의 작품에 나오는 상품과 광고를 추출 하여 그 표상과 브랜드의 역사를 살펴보고자 한다. 이들 작가의 작품엔 수많은 시각 매체와 도시 매체가 출현한다. 그 가운데 현대 상품은 현대인이 갖고 싶어 하는 욕망의 리스트이자 오마주(Hommage)다. 자동차, 보석 등과 같은 고급 사치품에서부터 일상 생활용품에 이르기 까지 현대 상품은 각종 매체를 통해 자신의 가치를 온갖 방법을 동원하여 선전한다. 위의 작 품들을 토대로 현대 상품 목록을 뽑은 결과 크게 몇 가지 범주, 즉 영화나 배우 광고, 담배 광고, 양주 광고, 자동차 광고, 일상용품 광고 등으로 나눌 수 있겠다. 본 연구자는 상품 매체 와 공간 매체를 모두 상품 광고의 범주 속에 넣을 수 있다고 보고 다시 이를 도시 경관 광고, 공인 광고, 기호품 광고, 사치품 광고, 일상용품 광고 등으로 분류하여 논의할 것이다

이 논문에서는 첫째, 東學革命 및 淸日戰爭, 그리고 俄館播遷에 관한 蔡元培의 인식을 분 석했다. 1894년부터 1896년에 이르기 까지 그의 일기에는 東學革命, 淸日戰爭 관련 기사들이 빈번하게 출현한다. 1894년 6월 13일, 7월 乙亥朔, 8월 29일 癸卯, 9월 17일 庚寅, 9월 25일 戊戌, 10월 5일 戊申, 1896년 정월 30일 乙丑條의 내용을 분석하여 그 상관관계를 밝혔다. 둘 째 蔡元培가 스위스로 시찰 나갔을 때 李灌鎔과의 교류와 미국 하와이에서 申興雨와의 교류 현황을 분석했다. 이처럼 일기를 통해 새로운 자료를 발굴함으로써 한국과 중국에서의 비교 연구 지평을 확장할 수 있으며, 이를 통해서 근현대 시기 동아시아의 사상·문화 지도를 그려 볼 수 있으리라 믿는다.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of asphalt and geotextile interlayer on the fracture behavior of unbonded concrete overlay through a laboratory composite beam test. METHODS: In order to evaluate the effect of interlayer materials on the fracture behavior of unbonded concrete overlay, a laboratory test of composite beam was conducted with different types of interlayer. The test results of the composite beam using two types of geotextile interlayer with different thicknesses were compared to the test results of the composite beam using the tradition type of asphalt interlayer. The unbonded concrete overlay on the existing concrete pavement without interlayer was set for the control condition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : Overall, the laboratory composite beam test results did show the effect of asphalt and geotextile interlayer on the fracture behavior of composite concrete beams. The three-layer geotextile interlayer and HMA layer both increase the peak load when the first macrocrack occurs in the top concrete beam, while the HMA interlayer causes the smallest load drop percentage after the first macrocrack. The three-layer geotextile did show better performance than the single-layer geotextile through the greater peak load and smaller load drop percentage. It indicates that the thickness of geotextile interlayer will affect the fracture behavior of unbonded concrete overlay and the thicker geotextile interlayer is recommended.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to investigate the current state of the practice, examining the steps in the process recommended by various agencies and the Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association (ARRA)-namely mix design, structural design, structural capacity evaluation, and material characterization-in order to better understand the implications of hot in-place recycling (HIR). METHODS: In addition, the current practice of state departments of transportation (DOTs) is here reviewed with the purpose of learning from successful past experiences so as to forestall any difficulties that may emerge under similar circumstances. Also, HIR benefits, including reduced costs, improved construction processes, and environmental friendliness are presented, as well as advantages and disadvantages of HIR application. RESULTS: Most of the United States highway system is now deteriorating so that rehabilitation or reconstruction techniques are required for the most distressed roads, taking into account ways to increase the effectiveness of existing budgets. Several options are available in rehabilitating distressed roads, and the choice among these depends on many factors, including pavement distress condition, funding, and design life. Among these techniques, Hot In-Place Recycling (HIR) has emerged as a cost-effective treatment for deteriorated pavements, and has been proven an effective long-term strategy for pavement rehabilitation.