본 연구는 기계적 효율이 뛰어난 수층교반장치와 정화력이 뛰어난 광합성세균을 이용하여 호소의 수질을 개선하는 기술을 연구하고자 하였다. 대상기술인 2가지 중 수층교반장치에 대한 성능을 확인하기 위하여 교반으로 인한 수층에서의 용존산소 증가량을 확인하였고, 광합성 세균에 대한 성능을 확인하기 위하여 실험실내에 호소수 및 퇴적물을 이동하여 동일한 수조에 동일한 양을 넣은 후, 비드투입량 및 폭기 여부에 따라 퇴적물의 유기물 함량, 총인, 총질소의 농도변화를 확인하였다. 또한, 호소의 퇴적물 내 비드의 잔존 여부를 확인하기 위하여 DGGE 및 BacLight 분석을 통하여 잔존 여부를 확인하였다. 교반으로 인한 수층의 움직임을 확인하기 위하여 부위 100개를 우선 수층에 띄워 이동방향을 확인하였고, 이를 기준으로 대상 지점별로 0.5m 간격으로 유향, 유속, DO등을 확인하였다. 이를 확인한 결과, 호소 중앙부방향으로 다량의 퇴적물이 발생되어지는 것을 확인하였으며, 교반장치 가동 전에는 호소 전체 저층부(1.5m 이상 수심)에 일관성 없는 일정 유속의 수류가 형성되었고, 가동 후에는 수층(수면층 ~ 2.0 m) 각 4지점으로부터 중심부로의 수류 형성 후 확산에 의한 전체적인 교류, 수류의 가속화와 용존산소 중가로 인해 자정능력이 부여되는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 모든 측정 지점에서 클로로필-a 및 용존산소 값의 변화가 발생하였으며, 특히, 용존산소는 각 측정지점 별 125 ~ 833% 향상되어지는 것을 확인하였다. 실험실 내 수조시험은 각 수조에 비드를 18, 36, 180, 360 g 투입하여 퇴적물 내 유기물 함량 및 총질소, 총인 농도 변화를 확인하고자 하였으며, 그 결과, 유기물 함량은 비드 투입농도가 증가되어짐에 따라 62.3% 제거되어짐을 확인하였으며, 총질소 농도는 12.5%, 총인 농도는 25.5% 제거되어졌음을 확인하였다. 호소 내 대상 광함성 세균의 잔존 여부를 확인하기 위하여, 호소 내 4개 지점에 대한 수질 및 퇴적물에 대한 BacLight 및 DGGE(Denaturing Greadient Gel Electrophoresis)분석을 실시한 결과, 총세균수(BacLight법)는 수질시료는 2.0×107 ~ 3.9×107 cells/ml로 확인되었고, 퇴적물 시료는 1.4×107 ~ 3.3×107 cells/ml로 조사되어 물시료에서 다소 높게 측정되었지만, 평균적으로 107 cells/m로 조사되었다. 활성세균의 비율의 경우, 물 시료에서는 82 ~ 88%로 지점 2 (W2)에서 가장 높게 확인되었고, 저질시료의 경우, 77 ~ 93%로 확인되어 지점 1 (S1)에서 가장 높은 활성을 보이다가 차츰 지점 번호에 따라 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 시료와 저질시료의 활성세균의 비교시, 최고의 활성 세균비율을 나타낸 지점은 저질 1(S1) 시료였는데, 저질의 경우, 유기물이 물시료보다 많이 분포함에 따라 세균의 활성 및 분해 활동이 활발히 일어났을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 총세균수에 대한 활성세균의 비율이 모든 지점에서 77% 이상으로 매우 높게 확인되었다. 활성세균이란 대사적으로 활성을 띄고 있는 살아있는 세균으로써 에너지 생산, 물질 순환 및 유기물 및 영양염의 높은 이용 및 분해 등과 관련하여 총세균수보다 훨씬 정확하고 유용한 정보를 제공한다(Rodriguez et al., 1992). 그러므로 총세균수에 대한 활성세균수의 비율이 매우 높게 조사된 이번 지점에서는 조사 환경에서 영양염류의 순환이나 유기물 분해가 매우 활발히 일어나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. DGGE분석결과는 수질시료와 퇴적물 시료의 군집구조가 확연히 다름을 확인하였고, 우점종으로 확인되어지는 밴드는 각각 유지되고 있음을 확인하였다.

Conventional Thiamine Dilauryl Sulfate (TDS) powder has a low stability. In order to solve this problem, this study was performed to improve the solubility of TDS. The process for enhance solubility of TDS was nano grinding mill and ultrasonic dispersion process. TDS paticle was manufactured to nano size through nano grinding mill process. The size of TDS nanoparticle was measured as average 220 nm by DLS. And The TDS nanoparticle in water solution manufactured through ultrasonic dispersion process. The TDS nanoparticle in water solution was showed the highest solubility with 40% ethanol. These results was increased the concentration of TDS from 200 ppm to 240 ppm in water solution. The TDS nanoparticle in water solution showed diameter of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth with smaller than about 1.56 cm compared to the TDS paticle in water solution at same concentration. Also, TDS nanoparticle in water solution showed growth inhibition activity as 59.2% with higher than about 10% compared to the TDS paticle water solution in same concentration. Finally, TDS nanoparticle in water solution was increased solubility through nano grinding mill and ultrasonic dispersion process. Also, the increase of concentration in TDS nanopaticle in water solution according to solubility enhancement lead to an result enhancement of antifungal activity. Consequently, we suggested that the TDS nanoparticle in water solution was more effective than TDS particle in water solution owing to the sub-cellular particle size, ability to persistence and targeting to cell membrane of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Furthermore we expected the applicating possibility with bio pesticide.

In this study, we investigated the cosmetic application of Acer mono sap through an ultra-high pressure process. Exposing Acer mono sap to a ultra-high pressure process resulted in 90.1% cell viability of human normal fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk) when added at the highest concentration. Acer mono sap also showed the hightest free radical scavenging activity after the ultra high pressure process. The melanogenesis inhibition rate in cloned M-3 cells was 59.0%. Tyrosinase was inhibited at a rate of 87.2% by adding 100% HPAMS. Anti-wrinkle activity was 78.1%. Acer mono sap showed enhanced storage following the ultra high pressure process. These results indicate that Acer mono sap may be a source for functional cosmetic agents capable of improving antioxidant, whitening, and antiwrinkling effects.

This study was performed to enhance antifungal activity of anthracnose in chili pepper by nanopaticles of thiamine di-lauryl sulfate (TDS) through high pressure homogenization process. Yield of TDS was 79.14% by reaction of thiamine hydrochloride and sodium lauryl sulfate. TDS nanopaticle solution was manufactured through high pressure homogenization process. The turbidity of nanoparticles solution was increased with increasing the concentration of TDS, and nanoparticles solution of 100 ppm was showed the highest turbidity with absorbance of 3.212. The size of nanoparticles solution was measured as average 258.6 nm by DLS. Nanoparticles solution of 100 ppm showed growth inhibition activity with higher than about 80% compared to the control group against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Finally, nanoparticles solution was increased effectively the penetration of the TDS nanopaticles on attached cell membrane of hyphae and started to destruct the cells under microscope observation. Consequently, we suggested that the TDS nanoparticle solution by high pressure homogenization process might be suitable biochemical pesticides for improving the antifungal activities against anthracnose in pepper.

This study was performed to enhance anticancer activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by eluting high amount of shikonin through ultra high pressure process. Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by ultra high pressure process, compare to the normal extraction processes such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts (1.0μg/ml) from ultra high pressure process was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 13.4% for human lung cell (HEL299). The anticancer activities showed 80~85% by adding 1.0μg/ml of the extracts from ultra high pressure process in several cancer cell lines such as AGS, Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Among them, MCF-7 cell of the endocrine system was highest inhibited than other cells. The anticancer activities of the extracts from ultra high pressure extraction process showed 10~15%, which was higher than the extracts from normal extraction processes. From HPLC analysis of the extracts, the contents of shikonin in the extracts from ultra high pressure process was 11.42% (w/w), which was 20% higher than others. This results indicate that ultra high pressure process could increase the extraction yield of shikonin and other contents, which resulted in higher anticancer activities.

In this study, whitening activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts were investigated according to several extraction processes: water extraction at 100℃ (WE100) and 60℃ (WE60), 70% ethyl alcohol extraction (EE) and ultra high pressure extraction (HPE) at 500 MPa for 30 minutes at 60℃. The extracts from ultra high pressure extraction showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition and melanogenesis inhibition activities as 52% and 79.5%, respectively, in adding 1mg/ml than others extraction processes. HPE extracts also showed the strong reducing power as 3.19 that absorbance at 450 mm. The contents of polyphenol in WE100, we measured as 10.1μg/ml in adding 1mg/ml. Extracts have a high total flavonoid contents by HPE as 4.1μg/ml at 1mg/ml. We can conclude that better whitening activity of extracts from high pressure extraction was due to high antioxidant activities which could be extracted by higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents in HPE than others.