Purpose: This study reviews trends in the development of nursing simulation evaluation instruments and their characteristics in South Korea. Methods: Published and unpublished studies were analyzed using Korean electronic databases, such as the Research Information Sharing Service, the National Library of Korea, and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. The keywords for the search included “nursing,” “simulation,” “instrument development,” “evaluation,” “validity,” and “reliability.” Results: A total of 16 studies and 17 evaluation instruments from between 2012 and 2022 were included and categorized. The participants included junior or senior undergraduate nursing students. The evaluation was conducted through observation and self-report and classified into cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. Only one instrument used for observation was measured for intra-rater reliability. Overall, 35.3% of the instruments integrally evaluated the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, and 23.5% only reported one type of validity. Conclusion: The results indicate that the instruments insufficiently reflect the various learning outcomes of simulation education. Therefore, future research should be conducted to develop simulation evaluation instruments to evaluate integral learning areas according to the learning goals and examine their validity.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the experience of nursing students who used a virtual simulation program for their nursing practicum. Method: Structured debriefing papers were collected from 65 senior nursing students using a convenient sampling method for this qualitative study. Conventional content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: The study’s findings derived three theme clusters. The theme clusters were “satisfied by leading role in nursing practice and repetitive training,” “gained nursing responsibility and confidence in applying the learning into clinical practice,” and “recognized the limitations of customized nursing care.” Conclusion: The results of this study provided insight into nursing students' virtual simulation-based practical training experiences in the context of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

시판되는 남해산 흑마늘 4제품(A, B, C 및 D)을 이용하여 항산화 활성, 아질산염 소거 및 nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) 생성억제 활성을 비교하였다. 마늘 중 total pyruvate와 thiosulfate 함량은 생마늘보다 흑마늘에서 높았으며, B제품에서 가장 높은 함량이었다. 흑마늘의 물 및 에탄올 추출물에서 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 물 추출물에서 높았으며, 흑마늘은 생마늘 추출물보다 높은 함량으로 A제품에서 다소 높게 정량되었다. 항산화 활성으로 DPPH, ABTs, hydroxyl 및 nitric oxide 라디칼 소거활성을 비교한 결과, 흑마늘이 생마늘보다 높았으며, 물 추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 높은 소거활성을 보였고, A와 B제품간의 항산화 활성은 비슷한 경향이었다. 아질산염 소거활성과 NDMA 생성억제 활성은 항산화 활성과 동일한 경향이었으며, A제품의 활성이 유의적으로 높았다. 따라서 흑마늘의 NDMA 생성억제 활성이 항산화 활성과 유사한 패턴을 보이고 있는 바, 흑마늘은 생체 내 암 발생의 억제에도 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of glycerine on the properties of paper. Two types of glycerine treatment were used. First type, when making handsheets, glycerine was added in the plup slurry. Second type, copying paper was soaked in glycerine solution. Microwave treatment was used for the test of paper degradation. The obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. The glycerin was very effective to improve the property of softness. 2. The glycerine was helpful to increase sizing performance of paper as a fixing agent of sizing emulsion. 3. Curl tester was comparatively useful for the measuring of sizing degree.