PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to verify the property of self-healing, and to propose an appropriate duration for wet curing of bridge deck concrete overlays. METHODS: In this study, reinforced bars were inserted into concrete molds in order to prevent brittle fracture and induced cracks in the concrete resulting from indirect tension mode. The induced time of concrete cracking was 3 to 7 days, following which the concrete specimens were cured in water. The resulting concrete crack width was measured using image analysis equipment. Additionally, the self-healing tests were performed using the following three mixtures: OPC, SFC, and LMC. RESULTS: Concrete mixtures with crack widths of 150㎛ or lower were completely healed by Day 28. Hydrates of crack fills were found to be the calcium carbonate. CONCLUSIONS: The cement-based mixtures exhibit properties of self-healing. Considering these properties, it is necessary to increase the curing duration of concrete overlays for bridge decks.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate construction issues and design for transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavement(CRCP). METHODS : The first continuously reinforced concrete pavement(CRCP) design procedure appeared in the 1972 edition of the“ AASHTO Interim Guide for Design of Pavement Structures,”which was published in 1981 with Chapter 3 “Guide for the Design of Rigid Pavement” revised. A theory that was accepted at that time for the analysis of steel stress in concrete pavement, called subgrade drag theory(SGDT), was utilized for the design of reinforcement of CRCP - tie bar design and transverse steel design - in the aforementioned AASHTO Interim Guide. However SGDT has severe limitations due to simple assumptions made in the development of the theory. As a result, any design procedures for reinforcement utilizing SGDT may have intrinsic flaws and limitations. In this paper, CRCP design procedure for transverse steel was introduced and the limitations of assumptions for SGDT were evaluated based on various field testing. RESULTS: Various field tests were conducted to evaluate whether the assumptions of SGDT are reasonable or not. Test results show that 1) temperature variations exist along the concrete slab depth, 2) very little stress in transverse steel, and 3) warping and curling in concrete slab from the field test results. As a result, it is clearly revealed out that the assumptions of SGDT are not valid, and transverse steel and tie bar designs should be based on more reasonable theories. CONCLUSIONS : Since longitudinal joint is provided at 4.1-m spacing in Korea, as long as joint saw-cut is made in accordance with specification requirements, the probability of full-depth longitudinal cracking is extremely small. Hence, for transverse steel, the design should be based on the premise that its function is to keep the longitudinal steel at the correct locations. If longitudinal steel can be placed at the correct locations within tolerance limits, transverse steel is no longer needed.

PURPOSES : This paper numerically evaluates the contribution of transverse steel to the structural behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavements to understand the role of transverse steel. METHODS: Two-lane continuously reinforced concrete pavements with and without transverse steel were analyzed through finite element analysis with the aid of commercial finite element analysis program DIANA; the difference in their structural behavior such as deflection, joint opening, and stress distribution was then evaluated. Twenty-node brick elements and three-node beam elements were used to model concrete and steel, respectively. Sub-layers were modeled with horizontal and vertical tensionless spring elements. The interactions between steel and surrounding concrete were considered by connecting their nodes with three orthogonal spring elements. Both wheel loading and environmental loading in addition to self-weight were considered. RESULTS : The use of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements does not have significant effects on the structural behavior. The surface deflections change very little with the use of transverse steel. The joint opening decreases when transverse steel is used but the reduction is quite small. The transverse concrete stress, rather, increases when transverse steel is used due to the restraint exerted by the steel but the increase is quite small as well. CONCLUSIONS : The main role of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements is supporting longitudinal steel and/or controlling unexpected longitudinal cracks rather than enhancing the structural capacity.

초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트(VES-LMC)를 포함한 고성능 콘크리트는 낮은 물-시멘트비, 높은 결합재량 및 고성능감수제의 사용 등으로 인해 자기수축(Autogenous Shrinkage)이 1종 콘크리트(OPC)보다 크게 나타난다. 초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 배합특성은 낮은 물-시멘트비(0.38), 높은 단위시멘트량(390kg/m3) 및 라텍스첨가(단위시멘트량 대비 15%)로 구성되므로, 자기수축이 크게 발생할 수 있고, 또한 콘크리트 타설 후 3시간 이내에 발생하는 급격한 수분소산(Water Dissipation)과 수분증발은 자기수축을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 현장에서 작업시간 확보를 목적으로 사용되는 지연제 첨가량 변화에 따른 초기수축, 온도변형 및 자기수축을 평가하는 것이다. 실험결과 지연제의 첨가는 콘크리트의 최대 수화열에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 초기 팽창은 일부 자기팽창의 영향이 있기는 하지만 대부분이 열팽창에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 지연제 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 자기수축이 감소하는 것으로 나타났지만, 지연제의 과도한 사용은 과도한 초기 팽창을 일으킬 수 있으므로 현장조건을 고려하여 신중하게 결정되어야 한다.

초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트는 교량바닥판 보수 후 조기교통개방을 가능하도록 하기위해 개발되었다. 본 논문의 목적은 초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트에 발생하는 망상형, 횡방향 및 종방향 균열에 대한 원인을 분석하여 균열발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고, 현장 시험시공을 통하여 균열 억제방안을 검증하는 것이다. 횡방향 균열발생을 최소화하기 위하여 시멘트 성능의 개선과 더불어 단위시멘트량을 390kg/㎥에서 360kg/㎥으로 줄이고 굵은 골재의 최대치수를 13mm에서 19mm로 변경하였다. 시공측면에서 망상형 균열발생을 억제하기 위하여 강섬유와 와이어 메시를 사용하였고, 콘크리트 타설 직후 양생이 이뤄질 수 있도록 하였다. 검증실험 대상교량의 현장 균열조사결과 미세한 크기의 횡방향 균열과 종방향 균열을 제외하면, 3년 동안 구조적 균열이 발생하지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 제안된 균열억제 방안이 균열억제에 효과적임을 확인하였다.