1986년부터 1995년까지 소양호에서의 유기탄소수지를 조사하였다. 식물플랑크톤의 1차생산에 의한 자체생산 유기탄소, 유역으로부터의 외부기원 유기탄소, 그리고 양어장으로부터의 유기탄소 유입을 측정하여 전체 유기 탄소부하량을 산정하였다. 소양호의 식물플랑크톤에 의한 1일 1차생산은 여름의 최대강우의 시기와 일치하여 높게 나타났다. 호수내 자체생산 유기탄소와 유역으로부터의 외부기원 유기탄소는 연간 변동이 거의 일치하였다. 이것은 강우기에 유기탄소와 함께 유입되는 영양염류의 공급이 식물플랑크톤에 의한 유기탄소 생산을 증가시킨 요인으로 작용하였기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 1차 생산력은 조사기간동안 4~5,357 mgC m-2 day-1로 여름에 높게 나타났다. 한편 양어장의 유기탄소 부하에 대한 기여도는 총부하량의 2.3~7.2%로 인 등의 영양염류 부하량에 대한 기여도에 비하여 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 소양호 유기탄소수지에서 호수밖으로 배출되는 유기탄소량은 총부하량의 10.2~17.1%로 나머지는 호수내에서 호흡 등으로 분해되고 일부는 침전되는 것으로 보인다. 자체생산에 의한 유기탄소기여도는 총부하량의 34.7~69.6%로 주요 유기물 근원인 것으로 나타났다.

This paper deals with the development and application of control algorithms for series elastic relief robots for rescue operations in harsh environment like disasters or battlefield. The joint controller applied in this paper has a cascade structure combining inner loop for torque control and outer loop for position control. The torque loop contains feedforward and feedback controller and disturbance observer for independent, decentralized joint control. The effect of the elastic component and motor dynamics are treated as the nonlinear disturbance and compensated with the disturbance observer of torque controller. For the collision detection, Band Designed Disturbance Observer is configured to recognize/respond to external disturbance robustly in the continuously changing environment. The controller is applied to a 7-dof series elastic manipulator to evaluate the torque tracking and collision detection/response performance.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drying methods for Citrus junos peels on quality characteristics of the hot-water leachate from teabags containing those peels. Fresh peels were hot-air (50℃), cold-air (30℃), or freeze-dried (-45℃), powdered to a size of 40 mesh, packaged with a paper sachet, and then the packaged teabags were leached for 10 min with hot-water (70℃). L*value (lightness) and -a* value (greenness) of the peel powder were the highest in the freeze-dried samples. Soluble solids and titratable acidity of the teabag leachate were in the following order; cold-air, freeze, and hot-air dried samples. Among free sugar contents in all samples, fructose content was the highest, followed by glucose and sucrose. Fructose and glucose contents were not affected by drying methods. There was no significant difference in the flavonoid content among the peels dried using three drying methods. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the leachate was the highest in the cold-air dried sample. These results suggest that cold-air drying would be an effective method to enhance the quality of hot-water leachate of teabags prepared from C. junos peels.

This study was conducted to develop rice cookies added with young persimmon fruits. Effects of varying amounts (0-12%) of the fruit powder from a young astringent persimmon fruit (picked at July) on the quality characteristics of rice cookies were studied. Ingredients [rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica ‘Ilpum’) flours, persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. ‘Cheongdobansi’) powder, sugar, butter, salt, baking powder, egg] were mixed, cut (thickness 3 mm, diameter 35 mm), baked at 170-180℃ for 9 min, cooled, and packaged in polyethylene/nylon bags. The loss rate and spread factor after baking of cookies increased and then decreased with an increase in the amount of fruit powder added. The moisture content and color values (L* and a*) of cookies decreased with an increase in the amount of the persimmon powder added. Phenolic compounds content and DPPH radicals scavenging activity increased with an increase in persimmon powder content; in particular, the DPPH activity of the cookies sharply increased after the addition of 3% persimmon powder. These results suggest that the addition of the young persimmon fruit powder affected the quality characteristics of rice cookies and this fruit powder (approximately 3%) can be utilized as an additive during rice cookie processing.