The present study explores time and spatial thermal environment for Daegu, which is a city built on a basin area, according to varying land cover conditions of the earth's surface by analyzing data derived from meteorological observation and satellite images. The study has classified land use by utilizing MODIS satellite images and analyzed land surface temperature. Also, by using data acquired from automatic weather system, the study has evaluated the effects of atmospheric heating caused by city pavements by analyzing the sensible heat flux between the city's land surface and the atmosphere.The results are as follows. 1) Classification of land use in the Daegu area shows 46.64% of urban and built-up area, 1.39% of watersides, 35.19% of forest, 11.43% of crops, and 5.37% grasslands. 2) During the weekdays throughout the year, the land surface temperature was high for Dalseogu, Bukgu, and Seogu regions where industrial complexes could be found. Comparatively, lower temperature could be observed in the woodlands. 3) While the land surface temperature displayed the effects of pushing air upwards during the weekdays in urban areas, the reverse was true for forest regions. During the night, the temperature did not exert any significant influence on air movement.

경북 영덕의 유금광상은 경상분지 북동부 백악기 화강암체 내에 배태되어 있으며, 함금 열수석영맥은 모암인 영해 화강섬록암 내에 N19˚~38˚W 주향의 단층대를 따라 충진되었다. 열수 유체의 유입은 크게 세 시기로 나누어 볼 수 있는데, 첫 번째 시기는 광화되지 않은 소량의 석영맥이 생성되었고, 두 번째 시기에는 다량의 금속원소와 이에 수반된 금을 함유한 유체가 유입되었으며, 세 번째 시기에는 다량의 황화광물이 침전되었다. 금 광화작용을 수반한 열수 유체는 황철석, 황동석, 방연석, 섬아연석, 그리고 유비철석 등의 다양한 황화광물들을 침전시켰으며, 에렉트럼 내 Au의 함량은 최대 92 wt%까지 매우 높은 편이다. 초기 금 광화작용 시기의 유체의 온도와 압력은 각각 220~250℃와 730~1800 bar의 범위를 보이며, 이때 산소분압은 10-27~10-31.7 atm에 이른다. 반면, 광화 후기에서의 유체의 온도와 압력은 각각 250~350℃와 206~472 bar의 범위를 보이며, 산소분압은 10-26.3~10-28.6 atm에 해당하고, 황화광물과 H2S의 δ34S 값은 각각 0.2~4.2˚/˚˚의 범위와 1.0~3.7˚/˚˚범위를 보여준다. 유금광상에서 산출되는 에렉트럼은 0.15~1.10 범위의 Ag/Au 원자비를 보인다. 주광화작용이 진행되는 동안 비교적 높은 온도 조건과 4.5~5.5 의 pH 범위에서 광화유체 내에서 Au(HS)2-의 안정성을 감소되고, 상대적으로 AuCl2- 의 안정성은 증가되었다. 압력조건을 고려 할 때 광화유체는 350℃ 이상의 온도에 이르렀으며 용액 중 AuCl2-가 중요한 운반 수단이었을 것으로 생각된다. 광화작용이 진행되면서, 온도와 log fo2의 감소가 일어남에 따라 AuCl2-의 용해도는 낮아지고 황화물들의 침전이 일어나며 이와 함께 에렉트럼도 침전하였을 것으로 생각된다.

Based on the monthly weather report of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and daily sea surface temperature (SST) data from National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) in 2006, heat budget was estimated at Gampo in the eastern coast of Korea, the region occuring the cold water known as upwelling in summer. Net heat flux was transported from the air to the sea surface during February to November, and it amounts to 345 Wm-2 in monthly mean value. During December to January, the transfer of net heat flux was conversed from the sea surface to the air with -56 Wm-2 in minimum of monthly mean value in January. Long wave radiation was ranged from 6 Wm-2 to 106 Wm-2. Sensible heat was varied from -36 Wm-2 (June) to 61 Wm-2 (February) and showed negative values from April to August. Latent heat showed 20 Wm-2 (July) with its minimum in July and 49 Wm-2 with its maximum in March in monthly mean value. The annual mean of net heat flux is 129 Wm-2, giving an annual heat surplus of 22 Wm-2. Thus, during summer, the upwelled cold water at Gampo, appears to compensate the heat gain. However the ways in which these compensations are accomplished remains to be clarified.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different types of hilly pasture grazing on growth and meat quality in organic Korean black goats, and to obtain basic data for the production of organic goats. A total of 40 goats with similar age and BW were equally allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included grazing types of four different hilly pastures; T1: forages types, T2: organic forages types, T3: native plants types, and T4: browse types, respectively. The trial lasted for 174 days from 15th of May to 5th of November, 2007 in Livestock Genetic Resources Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Sciences. At the end of trial, all animals were slaughtered to analyze carcass characteristics and meat quality. Average daily gain was significantly (p＜0.05) higher for T1 treatments than for others. Dressing percentage was significantly (p＜0.05) higher for T1 and T2 than for T3 and T4 treatments. Meat percentage of T1 treatments was significantly (p＜0.05) higher than those of other treatments. For meat properties, crude fat content was highest in T3 treatments. Linoleate (18:2n6) and linolenate (18:3n3) contents tended to be higher in T1 than those of other treatments, while arachidonate (20:4n6) content tended to be higher in T3 and T4 than that of other treatments. Shear force was lower (p＜0.05) for T3 than other treatments. For sensory results, juiciness and tenderness tended to be greater (p＜0.05) in T2 and T3, and flavour tended to be greater (p＜0.05) in T3 and T4. The results indicated that grazing in hilly pastures for organic Korean black goats was somewhat less in their performances and carcass characteristics, but not behind in the meat quality and physical characteristics as compared with the conventional regimen. Therefore, it would be expected that goats grazing in hilly pastures made it possible to produce organic animal products with a high safety and also might lead to increase of breeders income and consumers satisfaction.

In order to investigate the effect of inflow of Yangze river on the distribution of chlorophyll-a, the results of serial oceanographic observation during 2000-2005 were used. The oceanographic conditions in the northern East China Sea is influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current and low saline water derived from the Yangze river. The distributions of these water masses vary significantly by the season in the northern East China Sea. The sea surface temperature and salinity were stable and concentrations of chlorophyll-a were low in the eastern part of 126°E. On the contrary, the salinity was significantly influenced by the low saline water derived from Yangze river with the high concentrations of chlorophyll-a. It is suggested that the low saline water inflowed from the Yangze river affects high concentrations of chlorophyll-a in the northern East China Sea in summer.

Temporal and spatial variabilities of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the northern East China Sea (ECS) are described, using both 8-day composite images of the SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor) and in-situ data investigated in August and September during 2000-2005. Ocean color imagery showed that Chl-a concentrations on the continental shelf within the 50 m depth in the ECS were above 10 times higher than those of the Kuroshio area throughout the year. Higher concentrations (above 5 mg/m3) of yearly mean Chl-a were observed along the western part of the shelf near the coast of China. The standard deviation also showed the characteristics of the spatial variability near 122-124°E, where the western region of the East China Sea was grater than that of the eastern region. Particularly the significant concentration of Chl-a, up to 9 mg/m3, was found at the western part of 125°E in the in-situ data of 2002. The higher Chl-a concentrations of in-situ data were consistent with low salinity waters of below 30 psu. It means that there were the close relationship between the horizontal distribution of Chl-a and low salinity water.

본 연구는 연교 추출물과 연교 추출물에서 분리한 활성물질의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과에 관한 것이다. 연교 추출물은 0.1 ∼ 1.0 % (v/v)에서 세포독성이 없는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 바탕으로 멜라닌 생성억제 실험결과 1.0 %에서 63.1 ± 3.1 % 저해 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 활성물질을 분리하여 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass analysis 등의 기기분석 결과 리그난 계열의 활성물질인 4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone (arctigenin)으로 동정되었다. 활성물질에 대한 멜라닌 저해효과를 확인한 결과 농도 의존적으로 3.0 g/mL에서 52.7 ± 3.1 %를 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 연교 추출물을 3 % 함유한 크림의 미백효과에 대한 임상실험을 진행한 결과 전문의의 육안평가와 기기평가 모두 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 결론적으로 연교 추출물은 미백 효능을 갖는 화장품 소재로서의 개발 가능성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to estimate a urban heat island potential distribution based on the land-use types using Landsat TM(1100 LST August 2004) and AWS data in Daegu. The heat island potential is defined as a difference between surface temperature and air-temperature at each place. The study area was selected as about 900㎢ square including Daegu metropolitan area. Land-use data obtained by dividing all of Daegu metropolitan area into 1-km-square three types of maps were prepared in the 1960s, 1970s and 2000s respectively. Land-use types were classified into 5 categories. Forest and farm lands have been reduced at a wide range during 40 years. Most of those changed into urban area. The heat island potential distribution presented a striking contrasts according to land-use types. For example, the heat island potential of urban area was higher than 10℃ in comparison to those of water or paddy rice areas.