Background : Polygonati rhizoma is used for medicine using rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute belonging to Liliaceae. This study was carried out to select proper chemical for leaf spot disease control of P. sibiricum Redoute. Methods and Results : In order to select proper chemical for leaf spot disease control of P. sibiricum Redoute, Alternaria sp. was isolated from leave of P. sibiricum Redoute and pathogenicity was verified. Control value was checked after application on leaves for 3 times in 6-years-old field in Geumsan and 5-years-old field in Jaecheon. Chemicals were applied in June and July for 3 times totally without any other chemicals application. At 10 days after final chemical application, 20 plants were checked for infected leaf ratio on 20 leaves placed in middle and upper point of stem. In Geumsan, control value was higher as 88.3% in Pyraclostrobin, 86.1% in Polyoxin B, 84.4% in Pyribencarb, 82.2% in Iminoctadine tris (albesilate). In Jaecheon, control value was higher as 88.1% in Pyraclostrobin, 87.1% in Pyraclostrobin, 86.3% in Pyribencarb, 83.0% in Iminoctadine tris (albesilate). Conclusion : The result of this study on chemical selection for leaf spot disease control of P. sibiricum Redoute was as follows. Pyraclostrobin, Polyoxin B, Pyribencarb, and Iminoctadine tris (albesilate) showed excellent control value with over 80% and no damages. Above chemicals were considered excellent as chemicals for leaf spot disease in P. sibiricum Redoute.

Background : Insect pests damages are increasing on the field of Lycium chinense under organic farming management and especially, pest damage of Gelechiidae (Ilseopsis parki Povolny) is serious. Currently, various organic farming materials are registered, but insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not verified. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to screening for effective organic farming materials showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae. Methods and Results : Screening for effective organic farming materials (OFM) showing insecticidal activity in Gelechiidae, we screening OFMs through in vitro testing Among them, OFMs showing insecticidal activity were first selected through field test. In the field test method, OFMs was sprayed at the time of moth occurrence, after 5 days of treatment, insecticidal activity was investigated as a result, a total of five OFMs were selected through the in vitro test and the Sophora japonica and three plant extracts showed the best control effect at 81.7%. in 2017. In 2018, the 2017 selected OFM and 4 kinds of new OFMs were field tested. The field test was performed in the same method as before. As a result, 2 kinds of OFMs made of Sophora japonica and three plant extracts extract and Sophora flavescens extract showed high control value of 87.3% and 88.3%, respectively. In contrast one organic agricultural material showed a chemical injury. To determine the timing of control, the extract was treated before and after topping and pretreatment of topping showed better control value by 80%. Conclusion : Insecticidal activity against Gelechiidae was not effective in all tested OFMs, but the 2 OFMs showed a high control value of over 80%. In this study, we selected 2 materials out of 9 OFMs against Gelechiidae, and It was effective to treat OFM before topping.

Background : This study examined EC in soil depending on leaking water rate of sun shading facilities and conducted experiments to establish the proper leaking water rate for ginseng depending on rainfall. Methods and Results : For leakage examination, rainfall flowing into a ridge. As sun shading facilities of ginseng to examine leakage, four kinds such as Blue-Pe-sheet, Pe4 (four–layered polyethylene net) + Pe2 (two–layered polyethylene net), Pe4, Pe2 were installed. As for leakage, a plastic box (23 × 30 × 30 ㎝) was installed on the ridge of ginseng field and outside, rainfall into the box during precipitation was examined, and the leakage quantity was calculated as the ratio of the quantity into the ginseng field regarding rainfall outside. The leakage quantity was examined a total of six times on July 2, July 3, August 24, August 30, August 31, and September 4. Regarding EC in soil, WT–1000n (www.rfsenser.co) which is a EC measuring instrument was used, and the average was calculated through 3 repeated examinations. There are little differences in the leakage quantity depending on the sun shading with 0.1% of the Blue-Pe-sheet, 2.3% of Pe4 + Pe2, 4.3% of Pe4, and 30.7% of Pe2. At the leakage rate of 0.1%, EC decreased from 1.52 ds/m on July 3 to 1.04 ds/m on August 8, and increased again to 1.54 ds/m on September 3 At the leakage rate of 2.4%, EC changes were lower than that of the leakage quantity of 0.1%, and similar results depending on periods were found. At the leakage rate of 4.3%, salt concentration was measured at 0.92 ds/m on July 3, decreased since then, increased to 0.90 ds/m on September 3, and overall concentration was less than 1.0 ds/m. At the leakage rate of 30.7%, EC was the lowest at 0.46 ds/m and similar results were found since then. Conclusion : The differences in leakage quantity depending on sun shading facilities of ginsengs affected EC in soil, and EC became lower with more leakage quantity. As for the leakage quantity to maintain the EC in soil proper for ginseng growth and development lower than 1.0 ds/m, it was found to be effective to control the leakage quantity at 30% in May - June, and September - October when there are less rainfall, and at 2 - 5% in July - August when there are heavy rainfall.

Background : Among registered fungicides for controlling ginseng disease, the disease occurrence rate from the mixed use of a single ingredient, mancozeb WP, and copper sulfate basic WP was examined, and experiments were conducted to establish safe disease control system. Methods and Results : As for the medicines used for the experiments, besides registered Pyraclostrobin WG as a single ingredient for ginseng disease control, 14 kinds were used for experiments. The fungicide was sprayed 5 times on June 21, July 4, July 16, August 2 and August 24. The examination was conducted 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, and 20 days after the final fungicide treatment. Anthracnose occurrence rate 5 days after the final fungicide treatment was 0.0 - 61.3% which was different depending on fungicides, and in a single treatment, the occurrence rate was less than 1% in 6 fungicides. In the single treatment, the occurrence rate was more than 1%, but 9 kinds of fungicides which had less than 1% occurrence rate in the case of mixed use with mancozeb, and one kind in the case of mixed use with copper sulfate basic 10 days later, the occurrence rate was 0.0 - 100% and there were lots of differences in the disease occurrence rate depending on fungicides. 10 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of more than 10.0% in the case of a single treatment. Among them, 9 fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1.0% in the case of mixed use with mancozeb, indicating the effect of lowering disease occurrence rate in the case of mixed use. 15 days later, 9 fungicides showed disease occurrence rate of more than 2%, 1 kind of fungicide had the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%, and the overall disease occurrence rate increased. Among them, 7 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1% from the mixed use. 20 days later, 12 kinds of fungicides showed the disease occurrence rate of more than 50%, and only 1 kind of fungicide showed the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%. In the case of mixed use with mancozeb, 2 kinds had the disease occurrence rate of less than 10% and 1 kind of fungicide had the disease occurrence rate of less than 1%. Conclusion : For prevention of anthracnose disease of ginsengs during a rainy season, the disease occurrence rate from a single or mixed use was examined, and the examination found that rather than a single use, mixed use decreased the disease occurrence rate. In particular, the mixed use with mancozeb showed low disease occurrence rate and prevented the disease occurrence rate for a long time.

Background : Ginseng sometimes develops physiological disorders as EC of soil accumulates in sun shading facilities with no leaking water. In addition, it is difficult to make moisture content of soil and EC stably suitable for ginseng growth and development in the same sun shading facility. Accordingly, this study examined EC in soil depending on leaking water rate of sun shading facilities and conducted experiments to establish the proper leaking water rate for ginseng depending on rainfall. Methods and Results : For leakage examination, rainfall flowing into a ridge. As sun shading facilities of ginseng to examine leakage, four kinds such as Blue-Pe-sheet, Pe4 (four–layered polyethylene net) + Pe2 (two–layered polyethylene net), Pe4 , Pe2 were installed. As for leakage, a plastic box (23 × 30 × 30 ㎝) was installed on the ridge of ginseng field and outside, rainfall into the box during precipitation was examined, and the leakage quantity was calculated as the ratio of the quantity into the ginseng field regarding rainfall outside. The leakage quantity was examined a total of six times on July 2, July 3, August 24, August 30, August 31, and September 4. Regarding EC in soil, WT-1000n which is a EC measuring instrument was used, and the average was calculated through 3 repeated examinations. There are little differences in the leakage quantity depending on the sun shading with 0.1% of the Blue-Pe-sheet, 2.3% of Pe4 + Pe2, 4.3% of Pe4, and 30.7% of Pe2. At the leakage rate of 0.1%, EC decreased from 1.52 ds/m on July 3 to 1.04 ds/m on August 8, and increased again to 1.54 ds/m on September 3 At the leakage rate of 2.4%, EC changes were lower than that of the leakage quantity of 0.1%, and similar results depending on periods were found. At the leakage rate of 4.3%, salt concentration was measured at 0.92 ds/m on July 3, decreased since then, increased to 0.90 ds/m on September 3, and overall concentration was less than 1.0 ds/m. At the leakage rate of 30.7%, EC was the lowest at 0.46 ds/m and similar results were found since then. Conclusion : Differences in leakage quantity depending on sun shading facilities of ginseng affected EC in soil, and EC became lower with more leakage quantity. For the leakage quantity to maintain the EC in soil proper for ginseng growth and development lower than 1.0 ds/m, it was found to be effective to control the leakage quantity at 30% in May - June, and September - October when there are less rainfall, and at 2 - 5% in July - August when there are heavy rainfall.

Background : The major active components of ginseng are ginsenosides and their pharmacological effects include anticanser, anti-stress, anti-fatigue, antioxidant and aging inhibitory effects. These ginsenosides components is higher in leaves than roots. Therefore, consumers are increasingly interested in using ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results : Ginseng sprouts were cultivated during 60 days from June to late July in greenhouse. After 60 days of cultivation, the stem was hardened, and the cultivation was done until 60th because of the tendency that the value of ginseng sprouts was lowered. The content of the three indicator components were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Total ginsenoside content increased 1.07 times in leaves and decreased 0.67 times in roots according to cultivated period. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc F3 and F4 of leaves were increased and ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2 and Rf of roots were decreased on cultivated 60 days, especially. Total free sugar content increased 1.29 times in leaves and decreased 0.68 times in roots according to cultivated period. The total phenolic acid contents of leaves decreased slightly until 40 days and then increased. The major components of ginsenoside, free sugar and phenolic acid in leaves were Re, sucrose and sinapic acid, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, ginseng sprouts cultivated for 60 days is more effective ingredient than roots, so it can be said that it is good for consumers to use.

Background : Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg is herbaceous plant belonging to the umbelliferea. Its root is used as a herbal medicine. Recently, it is cultivated as one of the crops which are attracting attention as a new income crops by using leaf. It is cultivated as native variety and has no standard variety. As a first step to expand cultivation in Korea, we investigated growth characteristics of P. japonicum Thunberg which were collected from domestic regions to select standard variety for P. japonicum Thunberg. Methods and Results : From April in 2017 to June in 2018, total 245 individuals of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg in forms of seedling from 24 locations including 7 Chungnam, 10 Gyeongbuk, 2 Jeonnam, 1 Gangwon and 4 Jeju were collected and 40 × 20 ㎝ intervals transplanted. In August 2018, the research was carried out on 4 qualitative traits such as stem color, peduncle color, and 11 qualitative traits such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width based on the test guidelines. As a result, the 21 - 2 species collected in Jeju showed the best growth with 88.0 ㎝ plant height, 267 leaf number, and 174 peduncle number. A total of 245 collecting species were classified into 4 qualitative traits. The stem color was classified into green 125, red green 98, crimson green 21, and light green 1. The 114 species which were developed into flower were divided into green 94, red green 17, crimson green 2, and light green 1, and immature seed color was classified into green 88 and red green 26. The anthocyanin expression was excellent, and the total number of stem color, peduncle color, and immature seed color were 7 collecting species. The inflorescence type was classified into 54 semi-circular type, 47 straight type, 12 spread type. The 4 - 4 species collected in Taean were not registered in the test guidelines, and the compound umbel and cyme were appeared together. Conclusion : The growth characteristics show various differences among collection areas. It is considered that the superior lines can be selected as a standard variety breeding material by comparing the growth characteristics of the collected species.

Background : Boxthorn (Lycium chinense M. 2 n = 24) is a self-incompatibility crop of solanales. It can not be fertilized in the cultivation of single cultivars. Therefore it is necessary to select proper pollinizer. We selsected good line, Cheongyang 26, with Anthracnose-resistant and high yield. This experiment was carried out to select proper pollinizer through researching self-incompatible and Cross-compatibility. Methods and Results : The self-incompatibility test of Cheongyang 26 was investigated fertilization rate and fruit Characteristics by artificial selfing fertilization. Investigation of fertilization rate and fruit characteristics by artificial fertilization was carried out to test cross-compatibility of Cheongyang 26 with Cheongwoon, Hokwang, Cheongdang, Cheonghong, Cheongkwang and Cheonggeum. Self-fertilization rate of Cheongyang 26 was 19.3%, self-incompatibility. In flowering period, Cheongkwang, Cheonghong, Hokwang, Cheongyang 26 and Cheongdang were early. The fertilization rate of Cheongkwang, Cheonggeum, Cheongwoon, Hokwang and Cheongdang in order was high when Cheongyang 26 was bred as seed parent. The fertilization rate of Cheonggeum, Hokwang, Cheongwoon and Cheongdang in order was high when Cheongyang 26 was bred as pollen parent. Cross-compatibility of Cheongyang 26 and Cheonghong was very low because of inbreeding. Anthracnose on fruits in open field was strong in Cheongyang 26, Cheonghong and Cheonggeum. The infection rates on leaves to Eriophys macrodonis Keifer was high in Cheongyang 26 and Cheongwoon. Conclusion : The proper pollinizer of Cheongyang 26 in open field was Cheonggeum when considering flowering period, cross-compatibility, Anthracnose and Eriophys macrodonis Keifer. In rain-shelter plastic greenhouse, the proper pollinizer of Cheongyang 26 was Cheongwoon because it’s able to prevent Anthracnose in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse.

Background : Boxthorn (Lycium chinense M. 2 n = 24) is a self-incompatibility crop of solanales. It can not be fertilized in the cultivation of single cultivars. Therefore it is necessary to select proper pollinizer. We developed a new variety, Cheonggeum, with Anthracnose-resistant and high yield. This experiment was carried out to select proper pollinizer through researching self-incompatible and Cross-compatibility. Methods and Results : The self-incompatibility test of Cheonggeum was investigated fertilization rate and fruit Characteristics by artificial selfing fertilization. Investigation of fertilization rate and fruit characteristics by artificial fertilization was carried out to test cross-compatibility of Cheonggeum with Cheongwoon, Cheongmeong, Hokwang, Cheonghong and Cheongkwang. Self-fertilization rate of Cheonggeum was 11.1%, self-incompatibility. In flowering period, Cheongkwang, Cheonghong, Cheongmeong, Hokwang and Cheongwoon were early in order. Flowering period of Cheonggeum was June 18. When Cheonggeum was bred as seed parent, the fertilization rate of Cheongmeong and Cheonghong were high. When Cheonggeum was bred as pollen parent, the fertilization rate of Cheonghong and Hokwang were high. Cross-compatibility of Cheonggeum with Cheongkwang or Cheongwoon was low. Anthracnose on fruits in open field was strong in Cheonggeum, Cheongmeong and Cheonghong. The infection rates on leaves to Eriophys macrodonis Keifer was middle in Cheonggeum, Cheongmeong, Hokwang, Cheonghong and Cheongkwang. But it’s was high in Cheongwoon. Conclusion : The proper pollinizer of Cheonggeum in open field was Cheonghong when considering flowering period, cross-compatibility, Anthracnose and Eriophys macrodonis Keifer.

Background : Rural communities were facing labor difficulties due to old age and increasing number of women in the labor force. These factors have caused decrease in effectivity and productivity of ginseng production. Also, due to repetitive ginseng cultivation, salt accumulation in soil becomes more evident. When too much salt is present, ginseng plants appeared to have red colored roots and this caused the fall down of marketability of ginseng. In this study, we tested the use of wide shade facilities to enhance the growth traits of ginseng. Wide shade facilities can also reduce the working expenses of transfer cultivation and replacement by around 1,500,000 won/10a. In addition, this might also reduce the consequences of continuous cropping, thus obtaining a stable and safe field. Methods and Results : We set up 3 kind of facility as wide shade, supply type wide shade and conventional shade in Ginseng & Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Wide shade facility used three different types of shade material, black, red, and blue films. Supply type wide shade facility and conventional shade used polyetylene (PE4 + PE2) film. The planting size were 10 ㎝ × 18 ㎝ (9 × 10 plants), planting number: 90 plants/3.2㎡ in wide shade (include supply type wide shade) and 10 ㎝ × 18 ㎝ (8 × 10 plants), planting number: 80 plants/3.2㎡ in conventional shade. Our results showed that temperature was lower (-0.5℃) in wide shade facility than in supply type and conventional shade. conventional shade was lower (-0.5℃) or similar than in supply type shade. We investigated growth of Korean ginseng 3-years-old root for each facility. Results showed that total growth such as root weight, length was higher in supply type facility than in wide shade and conventional shade facility. Root rot was lower in supply type facility. Conclusion : Wide shade facilities was shown in low temperature than in supply type and conventional shade. Supply type was good for root growth and root rot disease. These finding could be used for place fixed cultivation for ginseng using wide shade facility.

Background : In this study, We will compare germination rate for each bed soil moisture content and find optimal seed germination on bed soil condition. This study was carried out germination efficiency related percent germination, germination energy, mean germination time and germination seed treated bed soil moisture content by volume on dehisced Korean ginseng seeds. Methods and Results : This study was used for conventional seeds of dehisced Korean ginseng seeds. In order to bed soil moisture treatment, We was dried on the soil until 1.5% moisture content and treated 12 different bed soil, soil 100 g volume up water 10 ㎖ for 10% soil moisture content, that contain moisture content (1.5 - 59.66%) at intervals 5 - 10% moisture content in Wagner ports. For bed soil moisture content test, We was sowed 61 Korean ginseng seeds each port on 18-May. In order to maintain the moisture content, The top of the port was covered with vinyl for blocked from the outside air. After sowing seeds, We was examined the germination rate, germination strength (GS), mean days per germination (MDG), and germination speed (GR) at every two days. Our results showed that germination rate was 94.5% at 47.07% moisture content. It had over 90 percent germination rate from 40.90 to 59.96% moisture content. High germination rate treatments also was higher with another traits such as germination strength (GS), mean days per germination (MDG), and germination speed (GR). Conclusion : The germination rate is very important in Korean ginseng cultivation of direct sowing. The soil moisture content is one of the most important environment related germination rate of ginseng seeds. According to our result, 40.90 to 59.96% bed soil moisture content had over 90 percent germination rate. These finding could be used to increase high germination rate, is required to proper irrigation. We will need to proper moisture content to increase high germination rate not only bed soil but also soil.

Background : Acanthopanax divaricatus var. is a Korean woody natural plant which can grow in the field placed in low altitude. Cutting is more efficient for propagation than seedling since it takes 3-years to harvest seeds and get seedling. This study was carried out to find out efficient cutting propagation method. Methods and Results : Hardwood cutting (April 10) and semihardwood cutting (September 7) was performed to accelerate cutting propagation rate on 5 type nursery box soil composed of Sand, vermiculite, peat moss, perlite, and perlite + peat moss. In order to verify growth regulators on cutting propagation, rooton, IBA 2,000 ppm, IBA 3,000 ppm, NAA 500 ppm, NAA 1,000 ppm were treated and cutting performed in sand nursery box soil on March 30 and September 7 with 3 replications of 50 plants. In terms of rooting traits of cutting in April 10 according to nursery box soil, rooting rate was higher as 67% in sand and lower as 11% in peat moss. Root length, root number, and root weight was also higher in sand. In terms of rooting traits of cutting in September 7, rooting rate was higher as 60% in sand and root number was higher in sand and perlite. Root weight was higher in perlite. The result of growth regulator effect on cuttings was as follows. Rooton increased rooting rate higher as 68.7% in cutting on March 30 and IBA 3,000 ppm also increased higher root length, root number, and root weight as 5.4 ㎝, 12.3 ea/plant, 3.13 g/10plant respectively. rooton increased rooting rate higher as 67.3% in cutting on September 7 as same as cutting on March 30 with no significant difference and root length, root number, and root weight were all higher in rooton treatment too. Conclusion : The result of cutting treatment in 5 type nursery box soil on April 10 and September 7 to accelerate cutting propagation rate of A. divaricatus var. shows that sand was most efficient with higher root length, root weight, and rooting rate. Most efficient growth regulator for rooting was rooton with higher rooting rate and better rooting traits altogether same in cuttings on March 30 and September 7.

Background : Polygonati rhizoma is used for medicine using rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute belonging to Liliaceae. This study was carried out to find proper method to establish the guideline of GAP post-harvest management. Methods and Results : Six-years-old polygonati rhizoma harvested in march in Geumsan was used for this study. Steaming was treated for 1, 2, and 3 hours respectively and drying was treated at 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃ using hot-air drying machine with checking moisture content at intervals of a day. Moisture contents of polygonati rhizoma according to drying temperature after steaming showed that drying was faster in higher drying temperature treatment after steaming. Moisture content was below 10% as 9.6% and 9.4% at 55℃ drying treatment after steaming for 1 hour and 2 hours respectively. Color value according to treatments was as follows, L-value was lower in longer steaming and higher drying temperature. a-Value was higher in steaming an higher drying temperature. Conclusion : In steaming and hot-air drying treatment to establish the guideline of GAP post-harvest management, moisture content was most proper as 9.4% below 10% in 2-hour steaming and 55℃ hot-air drying for 6 days. L-value was 27.49 and a-value and b-value were 4.38 and 9.73 in this treatment and dried rhizome looked glossy and transparent with higher quality. Proper drying method for polygonati rhizoma was considered as 2-hour steaming and 55℃ hot-air drying for 6 days.

Background : The reduction in the area of cultivation and production is a difficult factor to solve in order to expand Boxthorn's culture for the main reasons for the aging agricultural labor and rising unit prices. Increasing the area of cultivation and production requires less labor and ease of work. This experiment was designed to provide improved plant type to increase the area of cultivation and to secure efficient machinery harvest. Methods and Results : The variety of experiment is 'whasu' and was cultivated in 2015 and planted in fields on April 4, 2016. The plant types were 150 × 50 ㎝ T-shaped fence plant type. The number of times to be cut was two, and the branches were extended to produce fruits. The typical T-shaped fence plant type for comparison is made of two stems, 10 ㎝ in length, and a single cut, then a long stretch of branches for harvesting. As a result of the experiment, it was difficult to verify the applicability and quantity of the handy type harvesting machine in order to make the re-ordination, and from the following year it was possible to verify. Major items such as stem number, stem length, quantity, time of harvest, and efficiency of harvest were investigated when applying the handy type harvesting machine. Two stems had 20% more branches than a single stem, while the yield increased by 7%. Two stems, five ㎝ long, and two cuts were numerous and long, and the quantity was 33% higher than the customary T-shaped fence plant type. When working with the machinery harvest work, the ratio of work performed was 62% for harvesting, 19% for collection, and 19% for separation of foreign materials. The proportion of the collector work and the segmentation of design materials was 38%, which was an urgent problem to be remedied. Two stems, five ㎝, and two cuts increased the quantity by 33% compared to the customary method of T-shaped fence plant type, and the machinery harvest work efficiency was 56% higher, making it suitable for handy type harvesting machine. Conclusion : T-shaped fenceplant type of two stems, five centimeters, and two cuts was a good shape for Handy type harvesting machine.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa L. that is a perennial plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae is one of the most popular local income crops. Recently, the cultivation area of Chungnam (2017) accounts for 50.5% (106 ha) of the whole country. In July and August, which is the off-season at the highest price of R, glutinosa L. This experiment was carried out to develop early harvest cultivation technology for the improve farm income. Methods and Results : In order to investigate the growth characteristic and yield of R, glutinosa L. by using the rhizome of 'Tokang' were transplanted four times at intervals of 10 days from mid-March to mid-April 2017 and 2018. Growth characteristics of the above and under ground part were investigated by 3 repetitions for 10 ea harvested in mid-July. Regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the planting time and fresh root weight. The highest emergence rate was 88.7% in the mid-March, and the highest above ground part growth was observed in the plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and fresh leaves weight. The number of days to flowering tended to be shortened to 60, 53, 52, and 49 days from the mid-March to the mid-April. The growth of underground part was also highest in mid-March and the total root weight per 10 a was also 1,127.4 ㎏ in mid-March. The faster the planting time, the higher the yield. The results of the linear regression on the roots weight according to the planting time showed that there was a negative correlation relation between the planting time, the marketable roots weight, rhizome weight and total roots weight. Conclusion : The total roots weight improved by 80% in the mid-March than mid-April. Therefore, mid-March is considered optimal planting time for off-season production of R. glutinosa L.

Background : Recently, the quality of ginseng is degrading while the yield decreases by 15 - 20% due to the high-temperature injury, the physiological disorder and the diseases caused by the climate warming so that development of disaster tolerant varieties strong against high temperatures, salts and diseases are demanded. For such reason, three lineages showing excellent overground and underground growing were selected from the gene resources collected from 1997 to 2000. And the productivity test has been conducted with these lineages having Cheonpung and Yeonpung, the existing varieties as the reference varieties. For the lineages excellent in growing, the variety registration will be performed after the regional adaptation test. Methods and Results : The results of preliminary yield trial on the 3 lines (GS98-3-4, GS00-58 and GS97-69) show that the above-ground and underground growth of the 4-years-old ginseng group selected as superior lines were superior to that of Chunpoong and Yunpoong. eference varieties. Especially, GS98-3-4 shows excellent root weight and root diameter, while GS97-69 shows excellent leaf length and leaf widths. Replicated yield trial on the 3 lines (GS97-62, GS98-1-5, GS00-44) show that the above-ground and underground growth of three lines were superior to that of Chunpoong and Yunpoong. In particular, the underground root weight of GS00-44 was the heaviest. Conclusion : According to the productivity tests on the 3 lines selected for excellent growing, the selected lineages are excellent in both above-ground and underground growing compared to the reference varieties of Cheonpung and Yeonpung. On the 4-years-old ginseng, GS00-44 & GS98-3-4 show excellent underground growing while GS98-1-5 & GS97-62 show excellent overground growing.

Background : The insufficient soil moisture due to spring drought causes the germination rate of ginseng seeds to be remarkably lowered and the low seeding depth causes the roots not to be settled but remain in the surface soil containing moisture, resulting in the ill-shaped ginseng. Especially, in the case of paddy soil, the soil environment is often over-humidified or over-dried, resulting in high rate of occurrence of physiological disorders such as rough skin, yellow-colored root and red-colored root, etc. compared to the upland soil, requiring more care in managing the soil. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of stamping treatment on the direct seeding cultivation in the paddy soil and to investigate the survival and growth characteristics according to the seeding method. Methods and Results : We investigated the effects of stamping on the emergency rate and growth by using rollers (15, 20, 25, 30 ㎏), and also investigated the growth characteristics according to the direct sowing methods (broadcast planting, motorized seeder, semi-automatic seeder, manual seeder, hoop-type seeder). In the emergency rate of 1-year-old ginseng group directly sowing and treated with trampling, the group treated with 25 ㎏ & 30 ㎏ showed the highest emergency rate & growth, and above-ground & underground parts growth of 1-year-old ginseng by sowing method, there was no significant difference between sowing methods, the emergency rate of motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder was high. Conclusion : In the paddy soils, the 25 – 30 ㎏ stamping after direct seeding showed superior above-ground growth and emergency rate, and there was no significant difference in growth, but motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder had a higher rate of emergency in 1-year-old ginseng.

Background : For cultivation of varieties of ginseng, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield trials and regional adaptation trials before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Although there are 25 registered varieties of ginseng in Korea, the quality of ginseng is declining together with the amount of harvest being decreased by 15 - 20% due to the heat injuries and diseases from the warming & abnormal climate. Thus, the needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving through high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study is to cultivate disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation trials. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the growth characteristics of the selected 2-6-years-old varieties used in the study, among the 6-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in aboveground parts, Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in underground parts, among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 15 showed superior growth in both above and below aerial parts, and among the 4-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 16 showed superior growth while the growth in the underground parts were satisfactory in the order of Eumseong 16 > Eumseong 10 > Eumseong 12 > Eumseong 9. Among the 3-years-old crops, the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts was observed in Goryeo 2 with the weight of the underground part, in the 2-years-old crops, Eumseong 26 showed the most superior growth in both above-ground and underground parts. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Eumseong 10 among the 6-year-old crops, Eumseong 15 among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 & Eumseong 16 among the 4-years-old crops, Goryeo 2 among the 3-years-old crops and Eumseon 26 among the 2-years-old crops showed the most superior growth among the selected varieties. The growth characteristics of both above and below aerial parts in each year will continuously be monitored.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang is potent medicinal plant that is being used cough and asthmatic. Consumers interested in size and color choices when buying products. So, the class attributes and consumer choice differentiation by strengthening the competetiveness of farmhouse want to do. Methods and Results : About 50 purchases for the studys gustionnaire responds by sending a consumer survey analysis was required about 30 people. For the classification by products test planting in the harvested produce, and below classification by size and color. Class size are high grade (tuberous root length 26.1 ㎜ more, tuberous root diameter 6.1 ㎜ more), middle grade (tuberous root length from 23.1 to 26.0 ㎜, tuberous root diameter from 5.6 to 6.0 ㎜), low grade (tuberous root length 23.0 ㎜ less, tuberous root diameter 5.5 ㎜ less) by size. The rate of goods continued raised from beginning April to beginning May by harvest time. High grade color is brightness (L, 54.9), red (a, 3.3) and yellow (b, 17.0) so that hold out bright color. Conclusion : High grade have more tuberous root length and diameter size and hold out bright color

Background : The dried ripe fruits, leaf and root of boxthorn are widely used for medicinal purposes and as a functional food. Among them, frut is the most susceptible to anthracnose in the open field. Currently, there are only 5 fungicides registered in boxthorn anthracnose. In addition, resistance to fungicides caused by frequent use occurred in many open field, Therefore, a study on the fungicide resistance of boxthorn anthracnose was needed. Methods and Results : In 2017, collected anthracnose from boxthorn fruit. The collected samples were isolated by a single spore isolation method and 20 isolates of Collectotrichum spp. were obtained To test for anthracnose fungicide resistance, propineb, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin fungicide were used. Monitoring for fungicide resistance of Collectotrichum spp. causing boxthorn anthracnos to test fungicide were conducted by agar dilution method. The assay concentration were control, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ㎍/㎖ and strobilurin group of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were treated salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to the alternative breath suppression at a concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. In the result, Prevention of fungicide propineb was more than 100 ㎍/㎖ of EC50, and tebuconazole was less than 1 ㎍/㎖ except for 1 isolate of EC50 azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin showed a difference even though they had the same mode of action. Azoxystrobin showed almost no inhibition of mycelial growth except 6 isolates and remaining 6 isolates had EC50 of less than 1 ㎍/㎖, pyraclostrobin was divided into two groups of EC50, 6 isolates were less than 0.1 ㎍ /㎖ and 14 isolates were more than 1 ㎍/㎖. Conclusion : In summary, response to fungicides of anthracnose, azoxystrobin of strobilurin group showed the highest resistance to fungicide. As these fungicide resistance continues to develop, we plan to register a new anthracnose fungicide and improve the control method.