In this study my attention is centered on the plants of Ranunculaceae produced in Korea. I have proceeded to review the theses and writings on herbalogy from the ancient , modern and present times, and the conciusions are as follows ; 1) There are totaled to 208 kinds of plants of Ranunculaceae in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 108, but can be added in number for plants are likely to be the same in family. 2) According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose the medicinal plants belonging to Ranunculaceae are classified into 52 kinds of medicine such as Radix 20, Herba and Radix 8, Herba , Rhizoma 6, Flos 4, Folium 2, Radix and Lignum 2, Lignum 1, Cortex 1, Semen 1. Thus it is noticed that the number of the kinds of Radix is the most of all . 3) Among Ranunculaceae plants totaled to 208 kinds , plants of Aconitum are 46. Clematis 37, Ranunclus 25 get 22%, 18% and 12% each. It is considered that, among medicinal plants totaled to 128 kinds, Aconitum plants get about 36% . 4) RADIX ACONITI LOCZYANI in korea is a noxious plant belonged to Aconitum and it misuses as substitute for a innoxious plant RADIX GENTIANAE MACROPHYLLAE be longed to Gentiana, Gentianaceae. 5) In origin plants for individual medicines, RADIX ACONITI are 40 kinds, the most of all, and the others, RADIX PAEONIAE LACTIFLORAE, RADIX CLEMATIDIS, 7 kinds each. 6) According to efficacies of medicine , febrifugal and detoxicant drugs are 17 kinds, antiphlogistic drugs 15, invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis drugs 10 Thus it is noticed that they could be used for febrifugal and detoxicant, antiphlogistic and invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis drug mostly. 7) Additionally the number of noxious plants are 69 kinds and it gets 54 % of 128 medicinal kinds. It is expected that they are used in a clinic with care. In this study is has revealed that drugs belonged Ranunculaceae in Korea yet are not clear in their properties, they also are not used in a clinic so that must be studied continually. And origin plants must be gone deep in to a comparative study, that will do much for developing of traditional medicines.

ZMR공정에서 발생하기 쉬운 폴리실리콘의 엉김현상(agglomeration), 슬림, 그리고 실리콘기판이 국부적으로 녹는 현상 등을 방지하기 위한 방법과 재결정화된 박막의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 폴리실리콘과 보호 산화막(capping oxide)두계를 변화시킨 실험 결과를 서술한다. 폴리실리콘의 엉김현상은 폴리실리콘과 보호 산화막 그리고 폴리실리콘과 매몰 산화막(buried oxide)의 계면에서의 wetting각과 관계되는데, 엉김현상을 방지하기 위해서는 암모니아 가스 분위기에서 1100˚C, 3시간 동안 열처리하여 폴리실리콘과 보호 산화막 그리고 폴리실리콘과 매몰 산화막의 계면에 질소를 주입시키면 된다. 실리콘 기판의 뒷면이 국부적으로 녹아 SOI구조가 파괴되는 현상과 슬립은 실리콘 기판의 뒷면을 모래타격(sandblast)하여 약 20μm의 거칠기를 가지도록 했을때 방지할 수 있었다. 재결정화된 폴리실리콘의 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 재결정화된 박막에서 subboundary의 간격은 넓어지고, 재결정화된 실리콘 두께의 균일성은 보호 산화막이 두꺼울수록 향상된다. 폴리실리콘의 두께를 1μm로 하였을때 subboundary의 간격은 약 70-120μm정도였고 폴리실리콘의 두께가 1μm이고 보호산화막의 두께가 2.5μm일때, 재결정화 후 실리콘의 두게 균일도는 약 ±200Å정도였다.

Two main sources of data, meteorological data and land surface characteristics, are essential to effectively run a distributed rainfall-runoff model. The specification and averaging of the land surface characteristics in a suitable way is crucial to obtaining accurate runoff output. Recent advances in remote sensing techniques are often being used to derive better representations of these land surface characteristics. Due to the mismatch in scale between digital land cover maps and numerical grid sizes, issues related to upscaling or downscaling occur regularly. A specific method is typically selected to average and represent the land surface characteristics. This paper examines the amount of flooding by applying the FLO-2D routing model, where vegetation heterogeneity is manipulated using the Manning’s roughness coefficient. Three different upscaling methods, arithmetic, dominant, and aggregation, were tested. To investigate further, the rainfall-runoff model with FLO-2D was facilitated in Yongdam catchment and heavy rainfall events during wet season were selected. The results show aggregation method provides better results, in terms of the amount of peak flow and the relative time taken to achieve it. These rwsults suggest that the aggregation method, which is a reasonably realistic description of area-averaged vegetation nature and characteristics, is more likely to occur in reality.