In this study, considering this construction process, the parametric study is performed and analyzed about factors affecting seismic analysis of cut-and-cover tunnel, such as analysis method(response displacement method, time history analysis method), surrounding soil(in-situ soil or refilled soils), refilled range(d). Consequently, it is hoped to provide the preliminary data for a better reasonable review on seismic design and seismic performance assessment of underground structures.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well known for strong carcinogen. However, the human exposure anslysis of PAHs is quite difficult and unreliable because of hard for estimation of actual expose dose. Then urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been a biological marker of exposure to PAHs. The purpose of this study was to investigate total amount from exposure to PAHs acused by indoor occupational exposure, and residence at Seoul metropolitan area and Kyeonggi province in Korea. Thirty-five housewives were included in this study from April 2003 through February 2004. Dietary habit and general characteristics such as age, type of building, existence of passive smoking, period of residence, fuel type for heating and ventilation type were obtained by self administered questionnaire. Urine samples were collected at morning and freeze quickly. Urinary creatinine was measured for converting into 24 hr urine. Concentration of the indoor PAHs was examined by NIOSH method number 5506. Urinary 1-OHP and PAHs were analysed by HPLC. Correlation coefficient between urinary 1-OHP levels and pyrene concentration of indoor air was 0.66 and statistically significant(P<0.01). The difference of urinary 1-OHP level due to dietary habits were not significant. Urinary 1-OHP level of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter were 0.21±0.12, 0.10±0.17, 0.16±0.12, 0.17±0.14 ㎍/g cr, respectively. The arithmetic means of urinary 1-OHP for four season wee 0.16±0.14 ㎍/g cr. There was a trend that urinary 1-OHP level of residents who dwelling in apartment were higher compared with detached home. Comparison of 1-OHP level between heating by kerosene and LPG, Much higher gas heating type than kerosene type (P<0.05). This result implies that the urinary 1-OHP can be applied as the PAHs exposure indices.

In this study, we investigated PM10, NO2, and 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP) in urine at indoor environments which are 35 houses and 20 hospitals for using air cleaner and non-using air cleaner in Seoul metropolitan area and Kyoung-gi province from April, 2003 to February, 2004. Moreover, we examined effect of improvement for indoor air quality and health effect by concentration of 1-OHP also we investigated removal efficiency by air cleaner for PM10, NO2, and 1-OHP that were 28.5%, 27.4%, and 42.1% respectively. Concentration of PM10, NO2, and 1-OHP were 19.02±18.14㎍/m3, 8.66±3.06ppb, and 0.19±0.18㎍/g creatinine when air cleaner was no worked. The concentration for PM10, NO2, and 1-OHP were 13.60±10.79㎍/m3, 6.29±2.71ppb, and 0.11±0.10㎍/g creatinine, respectively. It was significant statistically. Therefore, it is considered using the air cleaner to remove the partial pollutants in indoor environment and is positive effect for health.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characterization of airborne bioaerosol in public facilities in Seoul. A total of 17 public facilities were investigated from December, 2002 to February, 2003. As results of the survey, the mean concentrations of bacteria and fungi in indoor air of public facilities were 378.08±296.33CFU/m3 by RCS and 106.38±171.63CFU/m3 and 347.46±335.32CFU/m3 and 95.23±62.61CFU/m3, by Six-stage cascade air sampler respectively. The mean concentrations of bacteria in indoor air (by ventilation method) were 517.14±343.93CFU/m3 of natural ventilation and 215,83±100.71CFU/m3 of mechanical ventilation. The mean concentrations of fungi in indoor air (by ventilation method) were 83.14±79.16CFU/m3 of natural ventilation and 133.50±248.07 CFU/m3 of mechanical ventilation. The mean concentrations of bacteria in indoor air were 449.44CFU/m3 for the ground and 217.50±103.68CFU/m3 for the underground. The mean concentrations of fungi in indoor air were 63.89±77.66CFU/m3 for the ground and 202.00±290.08CFU/m3 for the underground.

In this paper, discontinuity parts in microstrip line with λ/4 open stub and one in crank type have been anlayzed by using FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) analysis method. The noise components, in this case, are occred at the discontinuites of the given microstrip lines, the complex poles were extracted by the analysis using GPOF (Generalized Pencil-of Function) method from electric field of time domain. It has, then, been found that the noise level and the noise frequency components included in signal could be derived.