Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a foot deformity developed by mediolateral deviation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Although various foot-toe orthoses were used to correct the HV angle, verification of the effects of kinetics variables such as ground reaction force (GRF) through three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis according to the various type of orthoses for HV is insufficient. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of soft and hard types of foot and toe orthoses to correct HV deformity on the GRF in individuals with HV using 3D motion analysis system during walking. Methods: Twenty-six subjects participated in the experiment. Participants had HV angle of more than 15° in both feet. Two force platforms were used to obtain 3D GRF data for both feet and a 3D motion capture system with six infrared cameras was used to measure exact stance phase point such as heel strike or toe off period. Total walk trials of each participant were 8 to 10, the walkway length was 6 m. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of each orthosis condition on the various GRF values. Results: The late anteroposterior maximal force and a first vertical peak force of the GRF showed that the hard type orthosis condition significantly increased GRF compared to the other orthosis conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant effects in GRF values when wearing the hard type foot orthosis. However, the hard type foot orthosis was uncomfortable to wear during walking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new foot-toe orthosis that can compensate for these disadvantages.

Eucalyptus pellita의 유엽을 재료로 효율적인 재분화 시스템을 확립시켰다. 부정줄기는 MS배지에 1.0㎎l-1 benzyl aminopurine(BA)과 1.0㎎l-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)가 첨가된 배지의 유엽에 서 유도되었다. 그리고 절편의 종류와 위치에 따라 다양한 재분화 반응을 보였다. Auxin과 cytokinin이 혼합 첨가된 배지에서 엽병이 포함된 유엽의 잎 절편(LP)은 잎 끝이 포함된 유엽(LT)의 절편과 비교하여 더 높은 재분화율을 보여주었다. 줄기와 뿌리의 길이신장은 호르몬이 무첨가된 1/2 Woody Plant Medium(WPM)배지에서 이루어 졌다. 이렇게 유도된 식물체는 성공적으로 온실에 이식되었다.

향료 및 약용 수종으로 가치 있는 좀목형 (Vitex negundo var. insica)의 기내증식 기술을 개발하고자 3 년생 나무의 당년생 신초지로부터 채취한 신초의 기내 증식 및 발근에 미치는 생장조절제의 효과를 구명하 였다. 다경줄기 유도는 0.5-2.0 mg/L BA가 첨가된 WPM 배지에서 효과적이었고, 가장 많은 줄기 수 (7.9개/절편)는 1.0 mg/L BA 농도에서 얻었다. 줄기 생장은 WPM 기본배지에서 1-2개의 우세 줄기로 자 라는 특징이 있었고 길이는 3.4 cm 정도이었다. BA 2.0 + GA 0.5 mg/L 혼용처리는 증식과 더불어 생장 을 촉진하는 효과를 보였다. 줄기 증식 시 처리된 생장조절제는 차후의 발근에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타 났다. 전반적으로 BA 처리로 유도된 줄기는 차후 발근도 잘되었으나 고농도 BA 처리 (4.0 mg/L)는 발근 을 억제하였다. 저농도의 TDZ 처리도 BA 처리와 유사한 경향을 보였으나 0.5 mg/L 농도로 유도된 줄기 는 발근이 현저히 억제되었고 그 이상의 농도에서 유도된 줄기는 전혀 발근되지 못했다. 증식 시 BA에 IBA를 혼용처리하면 증식은 물론 차후의 발근에 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 약용가치가 뛰어난 좀목형의 기내배양을 통한 효율적인 증식 가능성을 보여주었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations among objective measurements of spasticity in patients with brain lesions. Thirty-two stroke and traumatic brain injury subjects participated in the study. Spasticity was quantified using the knee first flexion angle, relaxation index obtained from a pendulum drop test, and the amplitude of a knee tendon reflex test. Pearson's product correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships among these measurements of spasticity. There was a significant positive correlation between the relaxation index and knee first flexion angle in patients with brain lesions (r=.895, p<.01). There was also significant negative correlation between the amplitude of knee tendon reflex and relaxation index (r=-.612, p<.01), and between amplitude and knee first flexion angle (r=-.537, p<.01). Thus, it is possible to use the knee first flexion angle as an objective measure of spasticity, rather than relaxation index, which is more complicated to obtain. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of functional improvement and long-lasting carryover effects of spasticity using a simple objective measure such as the knee first flexion angle from a pendulum test.

Polysulfone을 술폰화하여 물-부탄올 용액의 분리를 위한 투과증발용 비대칭막을 제조하였다. 술론화제로는 chlorosulfoneic acid-trimethyulchlorosilane을 반응시킨 후 이용하였다. FT-IR과 1H-NMR을 이용하여 치환여부를 살펴보았고 술폰화정도는 역적정법과 1HH-NMR을 이용하여 구하였다. DSC와 TGA를 이용하여 열적특성변화를 알아보았다. 비대칭막을 제조하기 위하여 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)rhkdiethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DGDE)의 혼합용매를 사용하였다. SEM을 이용하여 단면과 skinlayer 의 구조변화를 살펴보았다. 한 연구에서 제조한 비대칭막은 dense film에 비하여 물에 대한 선택도는 거의 변화가 없고 투과유량은 약 80배 정도 증가하였다.

Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne)(PTMSP), poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) 막 및 PTMSP-g-PDMS막 등의 균질 치밀막을 제조하여 chloroform, trichloroethylene(TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE) 등의 유기염소계 화합물에 대한 투과증발 분리성능을 평가한 결과 PCE 대해 가장 높은 선택성을 나타내었다. PTMSP 막들의 경우는 시간이 지나면서 투과특성이 현저히 감소하였으나 PTMSP-g-PDMS 막은 지속적인 투과특성을 나타내어 시간이 경과되어도 물리적 노화현상은 거의 없었다. 또한 접촉각 측정 결과 본 연구에 사용된 고분자막들은 모두 분리대상 용질에 대해 친화성을 보였으며 균질 치밀 막들에 대한 상대적 팽윤도가 클수록 신택도가 증가하였다.

To demonstrate the importance of transformation efficiency in independent event, molecular and cytogenetic analysis were conducted with genomic DNA and chromosome of transgenic plants produced by Agrobacterium tumefeciens LBA4404 (pSBM-PPGN: gusA and bar). Selection ratios of putative transgenic calli were similar in independent experiments, however, transformation efficiencies were critically influenced by the type of regeneration media. MSRK5SS-Pr regeneration mediun, which contains 5 mgL-1 kinetin, 2% (w/v) sucrose in combination with 3% (w/v) sorbitol, and 500 mgL-1 proline, was efficient to produce transgenic plant of rice from putative transgenic callus in the presence of L-phosphinotricin (PPT). With MSRK5SS-Pr medium, transformation efficincies of Nagdongbyeo were significantly enhanced from 3.7% to 6.3% in independent callus lines arid from 7.3% to 19.7% in plants produced, respectively. Stable integration and expression of bar gene were confirmed by basta herbicide assay, PCR amplification and Southern blotting of bar gene, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using pSBM-PPGN as a probe. In Southern blot analysis, diverse band patterns were observed in total 44 transgenic plants regenerated from 20 independent PPT resistant calli showing from one to five copies of T-DNA segments, however, the transformants obtained from one callus line showed the same copy numbers with the same fractionized band patterns.

Nodule development was regulated partially by host plant factors originating in the shoots and roots. This study was performed to identify the origin of the factors regulating nodulation in supernodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant 'SS2-2' which was isolated recently from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of 'Sinpaldalkong 2'. Self- and reciprocal-grafts were made among three soybean genotypes which consisted of two supernodulating mutants, SS2-2 and 'nts 382', and a normal nodulating Sinpaldalkong 2. Self-grafted supernodulating mutants were characterized by greater nodule number, nodule dry weight, and C2 H2 reduction activity than self-grafted wild types. They were also characterized by relatively higher nodule to root dry weight. Significant shoot genotypic effects were observed on nodule number, nodule dry weight, and C2~;H2 reduction activity per plant, whereas varying root genotypes had no effects. From this result, it is surmised that supernodulating characters are controlled by a graft-transmissible shoot factor, and mutant SS2-2 may have similar nodulation mechanism to the former supernodulating nts 382. In all grafts, both supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2 maintained the similar balance between above ground and below ground parts regardless of significant differences in partitioning of dry matter into root and nodule between supernodulating mutants and Sinpaldalkong 2.