In this study, we identified the differences in food content watching habits and nutrition quotient in adolescent (NQ-A). A total number of 811 subjects were surveyed to establish their general characteristics, food content watching habits, and NQ-A using a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, the mediating effect of watching motivation between the type of food content watched and the NQ-A score was determined. The classification by the type of the food content mainly watched showed that 405 participants (49.9%) watched the Mukbang content, 244 (30.1%) the Cookbang content, and 162 (20.0%) another contents. Among the content watching motives in the Cookbang content group, information acquisition and enjoyment were predominant, whereas emotional satisfaction had the lowest frequency. Compared to the Mukbang content group, when the Cookbang content group mediated information acquisition motivation, the scores of the total, diversity, balance, and practice of NQ-A score areas increased. Compared to the Mukbang content group, the score in the moderation area decreased when the Cookbang content group mediated enjoyment motivation. If food content with accurate information and interesting content are produced and used for adolescent nutrition education, the education will be highly effective.

Organisms constituting a large proportion of marine ecosystems, ranging from bacteria to fish, exhibit fluorescence and bioluminescence. A variety of marine organisms utilize these biochemically generated light sources for feeding, reproduction, communication, and defense. Since the discovery of green fluorescent protein and the luciferin-luciferase system more than a century ago, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize their function and regulatory mechanism. The unique properties of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins offer great potential for their use in a broad range of applications. This short review briefly describes the functions and characteristics of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, in addition to summarizing the recent status of their applications.

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is the antibody in egg yolk and can be produced in egg yolk by immunizing hens with antigens. IgY is functionally equivalent to mammalian IgG. It is found in the serum of the chicken and is passed from the mother chicken to the embryo via the egg yolk, a process that results in a high concentration of IgY in the egg yolk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of specific IgY against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis that cause porcine bacterial diseases. To prepare specific IgY, Hy-Line Brown chickens were vaccinated with killed vaccine complex including E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis. The chicken egg yolk antibodies were purified from egg yolk by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the quality of the final preparation was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis (SDS-PAGE). Titres of specific IgY in final preparations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody titers peaked at 3 weeks regardless the bacterial types and the similar patterns of immune response were observed for respective pathogens. In growth inhibitor test, specific IgY showed inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. After 0, 3, 6 and 12 hour of incubation with specific IgY (100 ㎍/㎖, 250 ㎍/㎖, 500 ㎍/㎖), there was a significant decrease in the growth (A 600nm ) of E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis compared to nonspecific IgY and controls. In BALB/c mice, the effect of specific IgY (100 ㎎/㎏, 250 ㎎/㎏) on bacterial challenges was investigated by intramuscular injection and oral administration of bacteria. Mice treated with specific IgY showed high survival rate though there was no significant differences on blood biochemichal examinations between treated and untreated groups. These results indicate the potential of specific IgY for the treatment of porcine bacterial diseases caused by E. coli K99, S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis.