A seasonal chigger-borne disease surveillance program was established at Geoje in March, April, October, and November, 2023. Three species of 45 wild rodents were collected by using Sherman traps, including Apodemus agrarius (Species Ratio; SR 88.9%), Crocidura spp. (SR 8.9%), Micromys minutus (SR 2.2%) in Geoje, 2023. A total of 2,597 chiggers were collected from three species of the rodents in Geoje. The chigger mites were collected from A. agrarius (Chigger Index; CI 64.9) and C. spp. (CI 0.3) for Geoje. In the collection environments, a total number of 734, 659, 172, 520, and 512 chiggers were collected from a reservoir, a ditch, a rice paddy, a field, and a hill, respectively. In the results of the isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi from the chigger mites, no pathogens were detected from the DNA of the 62 pools of the mites using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method in 2023.

The vector mosquito surveillance is important when recommending prevention and control measures. The surveillance of the vectors were conducted at a total of 7 locations with light emitting diode (LED traps) and BG-Sentinel traps from March to November, 2023 in Gyeongnam province. In the surveillance, a total of 13 species belonging to seven genera were collected in a total of 6,537 females and 51.9/trap/night (Trap Index; TI) in 2023. Among the collection sites, Gangseo-gu at the pigsty in Busan with a LED trap recorded the highest TI 60.6 (Species Ratio; SR 65.6%) for Culex tritaeniorhynchus females in 2023. Each one of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus female was firstly collected for 2023 at Eulsukdo in Busan at 22th March. In the results of isolation of viral RNA, Flavivirus were positive in one pool (Chaoyang virus; 30 individuals) of Aedes vexans and negative in 341 pools (4,152 individuals) of 12 mosquito species including Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens, Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, and Ochlerotatus togoi in 2023.

A tick survey was conducted to monitor ticks using tick traps attached dry ice method at each four sites in Ulju and Gimhae counties, Gyeongsangnam-do from April to November, 2023. Two species belonging to one genera were collected with tick traps. A total of 1,064 ticks were collected as Haemaphysalis longicornis (Trap Index; TI 11.0), Haemaphysalis flava (TI <0.1) in Ulju and A total of 843 ticks were collected as Haemaphysalis longicornis (Trap Index; TI 8.7), Haemaphysalis flava (TI 0.1) in Gimhae 2023. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently collected, representing 99.2% in Ulju, 98.9% in Gimhae. In the collection environments, a total number of 685, 268, 64, and 47 ticks were collected from a glassland, a copse, a mountain path, and a grave of Ulju a total number of 469, 216, 83, and 75 ticks were collected from a glassland, a copse, a Grave, and a mountain path of Gimhae respectively. In the results of the isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) from the ticks, no pathogens were detected from RNA of 101 pools (Ulju), 98 pools (Gimhae) of the ticks using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method in 2023.

국산재 원목 공급은 국유림과 민유림에서 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 산림벌채를 수반하는 원목 공급에 대하여 일부 환경단체들은 산림환경의 파괴에 대한 우려를 제기하고 있다. 반면에 산림청과 원목 생산자는 시장의 안정과 목재산업을 보호를 위해 안정적인 국산재 원목 공급의 필요성을 주장하고 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 국산재 원목 공급정책의 변화가 국산재 원목 시장에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국유림 원목 공급량의 변화가 국산재 원목 시장에 미치는 영향을 국산재 원목 수급 탄성치를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 국유림 원목 공급량이 10%, 30%, 50% 감소하는 시나리오에 따라 국산재 원목 시장의 균형가격은 상승하였고 그 범위는 7.56% (114천원/㎥)∼41.05% (150천원/㎥) 나타났다. 하지만 균형 물량은 감소하였고, 그 범위는 불과 -0.22% (3,101천㎥)∼ -0.04% (3,107천㎥)로 분석되었다. 이 연구가 주는 함의는 적은 수준의 공급량 감소에도 원목 생산자의 이익은 증가할 수 있다는 것이다. 하지만 원목 공급량 감소에 따른 가격의 상승은 원목 수요자에게는 상대적으로 부담이 가중될 것이다. 따라서 원목 수급량 변화에 가격이 민감하게 반응하는 국산재 원목 시장의 특성을 고려하면 원목 시장의 안정을 위해서 공급량을 감소시키는 정책은 숙고할 필요가 있다.

Recently, the use of transfer slab system has increased greatly. However, several construction problems are being encountered owing to its excessive thickness. Therefore, in this study, a transfer slab system that uses a reverse drop panel, which can utilize the facility space of the pit floor by reducing the transfer slab thickness, was considered. To investigate the shear behavior of transfer slab system that uses the reverse drop panel, the two-way shear strength of transfer slab-column connection with the reverse drop panel was analyzed using nonlinear FE analysis. In addition, the two-way shear strength evaluations of transfer slab with the reverse drop panel conducted using the existing evaluation methods were verified by comparing the strengths predicted by those methods with the results of nonlinear FE analysis.

Entomacis, a moderately sized parasitic wasp genus within Diapriidae, consist of 56 species in the world. In East Asia, 11 species are recorded from Japan, 6 species from South Korea and Russia and 4 species from China. In this study, two newly recorded species of the genus Entomacis Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae), E. laticeps Chemyreva, 2015 and E. penelope Nixon, 1980, are reported from South Korea. A revised identification key to the South Korean species, diagnosis, illustrations and photographs of the diagnostic characteristics are provided herein

Mymaridae, a moderately sized parasitic wasp family within Chalcidoidea, consists of 1,424 species in 103 genera worldwide. In East Asia, 75 species of 20 genera are recorded from China, 40 species of 15 genera Japan and 17 species of 8 genera South Korea. Eubroncus in Mymaridae is newly recognized from South Korea with E. prodigiosus. Redescription and photographs of the diagnostic characters of E. prodigiosus are provided.

Diapriidae are the largest family in Diaprioidea with 2,087 species, 194 genera and three subfamilies that are distributed in all biogeographic regions. Most members of the family are primarily solitary or gregarious endoparasitoids of various dipteran larvae or pupae. Some species are also known to attack hymenopteran, coleopteran and lepidopteran species. To date 18 species in total are known from South Korea. We present an updated checklist of 18 South Korean species of Diapriidae, with correcting some errors previously made. New Korean names for each species are also suggested herein.

Psilomma Förster, a small and rare genus within the tribe Pantolytini (Diapriidae: Belytinae), consists of three species widely distributed in Europe: P. dubium Kieffer, 1908; P. fuscicornis Kieffer, 1908; P. fusciscapis Förster, 1861 (Macek 1990). This genus is easily distinguished from other Pantolytini genera by the sickle form of mandibles. Up to date, Psilomma has not yet been recorded out of Europe. As a result of the present study, the genus Psilomma is reported from the South Korea for the first time based on a species of P. dubium. Also, the known range of Psilomma is extended from Europe (Western Palaearctic) to South Korea (Eastern Palaearctic). A detailed redescription, photographs of this species are given.

한국산 집게벌과의 미기록종인 발톱집게벌 (Conganteon nepalense Olmi) (신칭)과 짧은맥발톱집게벌 (Fiorianteon junonium Olmi) (신칭)을 확인하고, 그에 따라 미기록아과인 발톱집게벌아과 (Conganteoninae Olmi) (신칭)를 처음으로 보고한다. 검색표, 식별형질, 주요 형질에 대한 그림 및 사진을 함께 제시한다.

The superfamily Proctotrupoidea is cosmopolitan and diverse group comprising 11 extant families: Austroniidae, Diapriidae, Heloridae, Maamingidae, Monomachidae, Pelecinidae, Peradeniidae, Proctorenyxidae, Proctotrupidae, Roproniidae, Vanhorniidae. But, Recently a separate superfamily Diaprioidea was recognized to include Diapriidae, Monomachidae and Maamingidae (Sharkey, 2007; Sharkey et al., 2012). Among them, three families are found in South Korea: Heloridae (Choi et al., 2012), Diapriidae (Notton, 1994), Proctotrupidae (Choi et al, 2012; Lee et al., 1988; Lee et al., 2008). Proctorenyxidae Lelej & Kozlov, a very small family of Proctotrupoidea, contains only 2 genera with 2 species in the world: Hsiufuropronia chaoi Yang, 1997 from China; Proctorenyxa incredibilis (Kozlov) from Russian Far East. These are morphologically distinguished from other families of Proctotrupoidea families by the following combination of characteristics: antennal scape very short; vein Rs of fore wing not bifurcated apically; fore wing with pterostigma; gaster with narrow petiole; tergite 8 with two spiracles. And, the biology of this family is completely unknown. Here we report one unrecorded species, Proctorenyxa incredibilis (Kozlov, 1994), for the first time in Korea and provide photographs for the diagnostic characters.

Subfamily Ismarinae traditionally has been belong to the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, family Diapriidae. But recently, Sharkey (2007) has been placed family diapriidae in a separate superfamily of the infraorder Proctrupomorpha, the Diaprioidea, together with the New Zealand endemic Maamingidae and the cosmopolitan and speciose Diapriidae. After, subfamily Ismarinae is raised to family status Ismaridae stat. nov., also included the family Ismaridae within Diaprioidea (sharkey et al. 2011). The superfamily Diaprioidea Haliday, 1833 is a moderate large group of parasitoid wasps. Diaprioidea comprise five families (four extant family: Diapriidae Haliday 1833, Ismaridae Thomson 1858, Maamingidae Early, Masner, Naumann & Austin 2001 and Monomachidae Ashmead 1902; one fossile family Spathiopterygidae Engel & Ortega-Blanco 2013) of generally fairly small wasps, with a total of 2,109 species in the world. Family Ismaridae is a small family contains a single genus and 32 described species in the world and previously unrecorded in Korea. Ismaridae is morphologically distinguished from other families of Diaprioidea by the following combination of characteristics: antennae inserted close to the clypeus; position of toruli that are opening forward (not upward); notauli absent, with mesocutum broadly arched in lateral view; antennal formula 15-14. Also, the biology of this family is very poorly studied, only a few species known as hyperparasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera) through dryinids (Hymenoptera). In this study, A new species, Ismarussp. nov. and one unrecorded species, Ismarus halidayi Foerster 1850, are reported from South Korea. Photographs of diagnostic characters are provided herein.

Earlier, Ceraphronoids group has been belong to the superfamily Proctotrupoidea sensu lato, as polyphyletic group. But, Masner and Dessart (1967) proposed this group as a separate superfamily, Ceraphronoidea to include Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae. At present Ceraphronoidea comprised of two families with 27 genera and 603 species described worldwide (except fossil family Stigmaphronidae), though a great many species are still undescribed. This group is morphologically distinguished from other Hymenoptera superfamilies by the following combination of characteristics: two protibial spurs present; forewing C+Sc fused, Rs vein upcurved; metasomal segment II large; metasomal spiracles absent. Ceraphronoids are small group of Parasitic Apocrita of Hymenoptera. They majority are endoparasitoids of a wide range of insects under Diptera, Homoptera (superfamily Coccoidea), Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera and Thysanoptera. However, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenopera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Heteroptera, spider eggs, and ticks are also attacked. And some species are hyperparasitoids of aphidiinae braconids. Ceraphronoidea has been studied in South Korea mainly by Paik (1994). He recognized the presence of only four species in Megaspilidae as follows: Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis, 1826), D. longispinus (Yasumatus & Moritsu, 1947), D. pupparum (De geer, 1776) and D. remicornis (Boheman, 1832). As a result of this study, 2 families and 2 genera of Ceraphronoidea, Ceraphron in Ceraphronidae, Conostigmus in Megaspilidae are recognized in South Korea. Also, above one family Ceraphronidae and all genera are newly recorded for the first time. We provide comparison of important diagnostic characters with two families and color photographs.