Confirmation of the thermal behavior of spent fuel is one of the important points in the management of high-level radioactive waste. This is because various fission products exist in spent nuclear fuel, and a management plan according to their behavior is required. Among the fission products, epsilon particles exist in the form of metal deposits and have a great influence on their physical and chemical properties. However, observing the thermal behavior of epsilon particles is important for understanding spent fuel behavior in thermally environment, but it is difficult to maintain a consistent thermal environment. In this work, we report the thermal behaviors study of uranium oxide with epsilon particle using in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. We measured the variation of temperature on the size of crystalline, which is a cell parameter in the reaction process. And then, the change of lattice parameters is calculated by Rietveld refinement.

Conservation biological control (CBC) is one of the pest management tactics based on protecting and maintaining natural enemies that already exist in the crop environment. Among many appropriate practices to control pests, CBC has been considered as a sustainable means and a less expensive alternatives to chemicals. It contains an introduction of non-crop plants as shelter habitat for providing natural enemies with food sources, overwintering or refuges shelters. As a small scale experiment of CBC, we tried to intercrop six kinds of floral plants (buckwheat, red clover, Agastache rugosa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Allium tuberosum, Lythrum anceps) with napa cabbage in order to attract some natural enemies, especially parasitic wasps that could be fed on them in the cabbage fields, which is a novel way for conservation of natural enemies, but none showed significant result. For the development of integrated pest management system by harmonizing biological and chemical control, we carried out evaluating toxicity of 30 pesticides to parasitoids and investigating effectiveness of traps. With leaf dipping method for adult and body dipping method for cocoons, 12 pesticides showed under 30% of toxicity being selected as safer by IOBC. Using sex-pheromone traps for attracting lepidopteran pests showed that DBM, CAW and CL occurred less than untreated fields; 67.5%, 70.6% and 44.0%, respectively. Also, yellow sticky traps could reduce some pests; 52% for flea beetle, 62% for cabbage sawfly and 41% for Phaedon brassicae. These results are expected to give basic information to develop conservation biological control of DBM with indigenous parasitoids in the cabbage fields on a large scale in the future. Before developing and distributing a promising pest control method, we should consider whether it can be compatible with other agricultural practices or various situations around fields.

Background : The effects of heat treatments on the phycochemical charateristics and antioxidant activities of ginkgo nuts were investigated by roasting at various temperatures (150, 180, and 210℃) for 60 min. Methods and Results : For each roasting temperatures, pH, total acidity, chromaticity, total cyanide content, reducing power, total polyphenol content, 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were compared and analyzed. As the roasting temperature and time increased, the pH and total cyanide content decreased from 7.32 to 6.31 and from 697 to 282 ㎍/㎎, respectively, while total acidity increased from 0.40 to 0.84%. There was an 11 or more color difference (ΔE) between the non-heated ginkgo nut and heated ginkgo nuts, indicating a remarkable color difference. The antioxidant activities, including reducing power, total polyphenol content, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased rapidly at 210℃ according to increasing in roasting temperature and time. Conclusion : These results suggest that the ginkgo nut with heat treatment could be used in food materials and medicines for decreasing cyanide content as well as for increasing antioxidant compound content.

Recently, detection of esophageal diverticula by neck ultrasonography has been increasing. In particular, esophageal diverticula near the thyroid gland can be diagnosed as thyroid nodule on ultrasonography. To date, 13 cases of ultrasonographic features of Killian-Jamieson (K-J) diverticula have been reported. We report on four cases of K-J diverticula and discuss clinical characteristics, including ultrasonographic findings, in comparison with previously reported cases. Awareness of ultrasonographic finding of esophageal diverticula, a hypoechoic nodule containing echogenic foci found in the posterolateral aspect of the thyroid, is most important for making a differential diagnosis of K-J diverticulum from a thyroid nodule.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of extrusion on dietary fiber profile and the contentof bioactive compounds, rutin and quercetin in young sprout, whole seed, and matured stem of Tartary buckwheat.WSI(water soluble index) is increased by a function of both screw profile and process temperature, compared to control indifferent parts of Buckwheat. Also, WSI of ME is increased more than 5.2 times in grain, compared to that of control. Theeffect of precooking by extrusion on the dietary fiber profile of buckwheat flour was evaluated. Precooking by extrusion sig-nificantly increased SDF in flour, although in most cases extrusion decrease in TDF a little. The thermo-mechanical treat-ment undergone by the buckwheat flour during extrusion led to redistribute part IDF fraction to SDF, leading to an increasein the latter. The content of rutin was increased about two fold in extruded flour of sprout, compared to in control. Thisincrease maybe why these compounds are released from cell wall by high shear processing under high temperature.