The domestic artificially sweetened beverage market has grown rapidly in recent years, and sodas have led this growth. This study investigated consumer food purchasing behavior of artificially sweetened sodas in terms of the food health stereotypes of “vice” and “virtue”; used to denote unhealthy and healthy food purchases, respectively. The study was conducted using consumer panel data collected by the Rural Development Administration from 2017 to 2020. Given the semi-continuous nature of artificially sweetened soda purchases, Cragg’s two-part model was used for the analysis. The probability of purchasing artificially sweetened sodas increased as expenditure on snacks (a vice food category) increased. However, of those panelists who purchased artificially sweetened sodas, expenditure on artificially sweetened sodas decreased with expenditure on snacks and increased with expenditure on fruits (a virtue food category). These results suggest that vicious-lifestyle consumers choose artificially sweetened sodas when they regulate eating habits, whereas virtuous-lifestyle consumers increase artificially sweetened soda expenditure for hedonic consumption to reduce guilt based on a sensible trade-off effect.

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of decoration techniques used in women’s Chima and Jeogori in traditional Hanbok catalogs from 2010 to 2020, and to analyze the frequency of each type. The method of this study is as follows. This study first investigated the transition of modern Hanbok and decorative techniques by analyzing and classifying such work in previous studies. Based on this, the technique of decorating the Jeogori and Chima that appeared in the traditional Hanbok catalog of the study period was analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. In the case of Jeogori, in the first half of 2010, the decorative technique of a relatively large size was used, and the decorativeness tended to be strong. However, in the late 2010s, the number of decorative techniques used in Jeogori has decreased, and the size of the decorative technique has become smaller and more concise, leading to a tendency to understated decoration. In the case of Chima, techniques to express natural texture by processing threads or fabrics themselves were mainly used rather than techniques to add decoration to the surface, and techniques to express various surface texture tended to develop toward the late 2010s. The change in the decoration technique of Jeogori and Chima appears to be a combination of social, cultural, and economic factors such as a change in consumption culture and a reduction in the wedding market.

본 연구는 도시숲에서 산림치유 프로그램 활동이 도시에 거주하는 노인여성의 골격근량과 내장지방 량, 우울에 어떤 변화가 있는지 확인하기 위해 진행되었다. 연구대상자는 경기도 A 시에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노인여성으로 실험군 21명, 대조군 12명으로 총 33명으로 구성되었다. 산림치유 프로그 램은 주1회 2시간씩 총8회로 진행하였다. 프로그램 전후 체성분분석기(Inbody 720, Biospace, Korea)를 이용하여 골격근량과 내장지방량을 측정하였고, 우울척도는 GDS(Geriatric Depression Scale)를 이용하였다. 실험군 대상자의 나이는 평균 60.3±9.4였으며 대조군 나이는 평균63.6±5.8 이었다. 산림치유프로그램 참여 후 실험군 대상자의 골격근 변화는 참여 전 2.52에서 참여 후 2.47로 유의한 변화를 보였으나 대조군은1.64에서 1.99로 유의한 변화는 아니었다. 내장지방량의 변화는 실험군 대상자는 참여 전 34.27에서 참여 후 31.64로 유의한 변화를 보였으나 대조군은 35.02에서 33.18로 유의한 변화는 아니었다. 우울의 변화는 실험군에서 참여 전 5.10에서 참여 후 3.85로 유의한 변화를 보였다. 도시숲을 이용한 산림치유프로그램 활동이 노인여성의 만성질환의 요인이 되는 골 격근량과 내장지방량에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음이 검증되었고, 실험군의 우울감 역시 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. 규칙적이고 지속적인 산림치유 프로그램의 참여를 통해 노인의 신체적 건강과 우울 등 심리적 건강증진에 기여하는 하나의 기초자료로 제안하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study identify the types and characteristics of Hanbok worn in lunar new year parade and Korean parade in New York over the past three years. As for the research method, I first collected domestic news articles, overseas Korean news articles, and literature reviews about the history of the Korean parade in New York and the events of each year. Second, I conducted a case study on Hanbok worn in the six parades from 2017 to 2019 using photo data collected through direct surveys, ‘YouTube’ video footage and news article photos. Third, I interviewed people related to the New York parade about the route of buying and renting the Hanbok in the New York area. The types of Hanbok shown in the Korean parade in New York can be largely classified as ceremonial, performance, and daily costume. There were 65 ceremonial costumes in all, with men wearing Dallyeong (official’s robe) and Gorlyongpo (dragon robe) and women wearing Dangui (woman’s semi-formal jacket), Wonsam (woman’s ceremonial robe), and Hwarot (princess’s ceremonial robe). A number of performance costumes were also worn by the Chwitasu bands, Nongak ensembles and fan dancers. Finally, of the 210 daily Hanbok, most men wore Baji (pants) and Jeogori (jacket), and women wore Chima (skirts) and Jeogori. The parade attempts to showcase the beauty of Hanbok, but the costumes repeat year after year, which can feel monotonous to onlookers. This research can be used as a reference to effectively utilize Hanbok in future Korean cultural events.

4 개의 사각형으로 구성된 도형들의 집합인 테트로미노는 가장 유명한 게임 중의 하나인 테트리스에서 사 용되면서 널리 알려졌다. 최근에는 테트리스를 모방하는 다양한 보드 게임들이 제작되어 저학년 학생들의 교육에서 사용되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사용자가 입력한 고해상도의 영상으로부터 테트로미노에 기반한 퍼즐을 생성하는 2단계 알고리즘을 제시한다. 1단계에서는 슈퍼 픽셀 알고리즘을 이용해서 고해상도의 입력 영상을 공통된 색 팔레트를 공유하는 저해상도의 픽셀 아트 영상으로 변환한다. 2단계에서는 타일화 알고리즘 을 이용해서 픽셀 아트 영상을 채우는 4x4 또는 8x8 크기의 테트로미노 타일을 생성한다. 영상을 타일로 채우는 과정은 픽셀 아트 영상의 픽셀의 색과 테트로미노 타일의 색의 차이를 최소화하는 방법을 이용한다. 이 과 정에서 퍼즐의 복잡도를 제어하기 위해서 픽셀 아트 영상의 해상도를 조절한다. 이러한 테트로미노에 기반한 게임은 보드 게임뿐 아니라 컴퓨터 게임의 형태로도 구현할 수 있으며, 다양한 사용자 테스트를 통해서 게임의 재미를 검증한다.

The study uses lists of wedding gifts used from old Korean documents written in Hangeul in the western Gyungnam province during the 20th century. The study analyzed four lists of wedding gifts from the Muncheongak archive and two lists from the archive of ancient document. This analysis found that clothing accounts for the majority of the items in the lists, and items such as furniture, jewelry, household goods, and medical materials were also recorded. That the furnishings were commonly prepared by the groom's side, and the fact that the number of jeogori was higher than the number of skirt, speaks to the unique wedding custom of Gyeongsang province. While the groom’s list of wedding gifts included a record of the bride's ornaments, jewelry, and furnishings in the bride’s list, the groom’s nickel top-knot pin was only included as an ornament. In the list of wedding gifts between brothers, the gifts for the eldest son differed from those for the third son in terms of number and price. The list of wedding gifts between father and son illustrates how economic development and changing times wedding custom. The lists of wedding gifts in the old Korean documents shed light on the oral research into 20th century wedding custom, which will be used as basic data in researching and reproducting the wedding culture and life conditions of the time.

As an alternative for energy intensive aerobic wastewater treatment system, development of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB)-based domestic wastewater treatment system was researched. No requirement of aeration, fast substrate utilization and less sensitiveness of SRB are main factors for energy conservative wastewater treatment system. Sulfate for SRB’s synthesis could be supplied from SOx in industrial gas, thus the system also can contribute to the economical treatment of hazardous sulfur compound in the gas. With the dissolved sulfate as an electron acceptor, SRB degrade organic matters in wastewater and produce sulfide. This produced sulfide was used for electricity generation in sulfide fuel cell system connected to continuously operating UASB reactor. This study also focused on obtaining SRB dominant granule from methanogen dominant anaerobic granule in a competition between SRB and methanogens. As a strategy to increase SRB activity and to suppress methanogens, starvation was applied by not providing organic source but continuous supplying sulfate. Based on the well adopted hypothesis on the granule structure, methanogens located relatively inner core of a granule died out due to the lack of organic source, while SRB located at outer part of granule survived utilizing extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) or organic matters from died out microbes as an organic source. By eliminating the competition, the portion of organic matter degradation by SRB was increased from 19% before starvation to 93% after starvation, achieving 80% COD removal in total. In case of sulfate removal, 15% improvement was achieved compared to the control reactor. This effect of starvation on the granule characteristics were confirmed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Not only wastewater treatment by SRB but also electricity generation with sulfide fuel cell system was studied. Several sets of batch tests were conducted and continuous operation was also carried out with effluent containing 80mg/L -100mg/L sulfide. Through the batch tests, hydraulic retention time (HRT) was optimized to 8 h, removing almost all of the sulfide from the effluent, having the highest power density of 0.033 mW/cm². With the optimized HRT, sulfide fuel cell connected to the UASBr was continuously operated for over 50 days. This newly developed wastewater treatment system with SRB integrated with electricity generating sulfide fuel cell system is believed to be a promising technology for more sustainable wastewater treatment system.