Background: Planting vigorous cuttings that quickly develop shoots and roots is essential to the biological and economic success of producing medicinal flowers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage temperature and duration on seedling capacity in the propagation of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and to investigate the effect of rooting media on the growth of C. indicum L. after cutting.Methods and Results:Returning cuttings to supplemental cold storage (2.0 ± 1.0°C) may extend duration of cutting viability 6 weeks, returning cuttings to supplemental warm storage (25.0 ± 1.0°C) is not recommended. The treatment of the growing media experiments, which were conducted in the 2014 planting seasons, included sawdust, river sand, topsoil + sawdust, topsoil + poultry manure, sawdust + river sand, river sand + poultry manure, topsoil + river sand + poultry manure, topsoil + poultry manure + river sand + sawdust. Result indicated that the topsoil + poultry manure media performed best and supported the highest number of branches (3.47), branch length (26.39), and number of leaves (88.63).Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest that cold storage and the topsoil + poultry manure growth media was superior in supporting the early establishment of C. indicum cutting, this result will have a tremendous influence on propagation of this species.

The aim of this study was to evaluate 30 phenolic compounds in adzuki bean germplasm. Adzuki 21653 had the highest content of total phenolics compounds (6597~;~mug~;g-1 ) while 104372 had the lowest concentration. The average total phenolic content of Japanese (2432~;~mug~;g-1 ) adzuki beans was higher than that of Korean (2256~;~mug~;g-1 ) adzuki beans. The average total phenolic contents were 2507~;~mug~;g-1 in small sized adzuki beans from Japan and 2459~;~mug~;g-1 in those from Korea. In large sized adzuki beans, the average total phenolic contents were 1315~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese seeds and 1232~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean seeds. The average total phenolic contents in medium seeds were 2369~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese adzuki beans and 1397~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean ones. In small seeds, the total phenolic contents of adzuki beans varied from 524~;~mug~;g-1 to 6597~;~mug~;g-1 in Japanese ones and from 375~;~mug~;g-1 to 6569~;~mug~;g-1 in Korean ones. Japanese and Korean adzuki beans were divided into landraces and wild adzuki beans. In this study, the wild adzuki beans showed higher contents of total phenolics than the native varieties. Specifically, the wild adzuki beans from Korea had the highest concentration of phenolics (3403~;~mug~;g-1 ). All adzuki bean germplasms were measured for their color and were classified into four groups accordingly: A; L < 30, +a, +b; B; L < 30, +a, -b, C; L > 50, +a, +b, D; L > 50, +a, -b. Especially, group B had the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (2827~;~mug~;g-1 ), whereas group C had the lowest concentration (1882~;~mug~;g-1 ).

The objective of this study was to determine the role of storing years with the variation of total phenol and individual phenolic compounds in soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds. The total phenol content varied from 0.36 to 0.42% over four years, with the highest value (0.42%) found at storage for two and three years. Among the nine soybean varieties examined, Daweonkong had the highest total average phenol content (0.58%). The total content of 11 phenolics varied from 730.0 to 1812.8 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 over storage for four years, and the highest concentration (1812.8 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ) was found at storage for two years. Myeongjunamulkong (1465.4 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ) had the highest mean content among the nine soybean varieties. The total content of 11 phenolic compounds measured in this study occupied from 20.96 to 47.73% of the total phenol contents. The highest total phenol contents were in seeds with black coats (5279.4 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ), while the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds were in seeds with green coats (1419.5 ~mu~textrmg~;~textrmg-1 ). Our study suggests that it may be feasible to improve soybean varieties with high functional substances such as phenolic compounds.

Effects of ambient and elevated ~textrmCO2 and high temperature, and their interactions with zero and applied nitrogen supply (NN-no nitrogen and AN-applied nitrogen) were studied on soybean (Glycine max L.) in 2001. In this experiment, elevated ~textrmCO2 (650 ~mu~textrmmol.~textrmmol-1 ) and temperature (+5~circ ) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 125% and 119% and seed weight per plant by 57% and 105% for NN and AN plants, respectively. Although the influence of temperature and temperature x ~textrmCO2 were not significant, the influences of ~textrmCO2 concentration and temperature x ~textrmCO2 concentration were significant on total dry weight and seed weight, respectively. In particular, seed weight per plant was increased, while weight per one hundred seed weight was decreased with elevated ~textrmCO2 and temperature. The N supply increased biomass and seed weight per soybean plants. The results of this study suggest that the long-term adaptation of soybean growth at an elevated ~textrmCO2 concentration and high temperature might potentially result in a increase in dry matter production and yield.