Chlorella gloriosa (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae) was isolated from seawater off the coast of the Dokdo Islands in Korea. An axenic culture was established using the streak-plate method on f/2 agar media supplemented with antibiotics, allowing identification of the isolate by morphological, molecular, and physiological analyses. The morphological characteristics observed by light and electron microscopy revealed typical morphologies of C. gloriosa species. The molecular phylogenetic inference drawn from the small-subunit 18S rRNA sequence verified that the microalgal strain belongs to C. gloriosa. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the high-value antioxidants lutein and violaxanthin were biosynthesized as accessory pigments by this microalga, with arabinose, galactose, and glucose as the major monosaccharides. Therefore, in this study, a Korean marine C. gloriosa species was discovered, characterized, and described, and subsequently added to the national culture collection.

Background : This study was carried out to provide basic data for the cultivation of the rare Glehnia littoralis in Korean Midwest. Methods and Results : In Korean Midwest, Glehnia littoralis was distributed at an average dis tance of 36.1m from the shoreline. The average altitude of the emergence area was 4.2m and the average slope was 4.3%. All the Glehnia littoralis grew on the sand of the coastal sand d unes. The average pH of habitat was 8.4, the organic matter content was 0.4%, and the avail able phosphate content was 9.1 ㎎/㎏. The potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium of exc hangeable cation were 0.09, 9.31, 0.43 and 0.23 cmol+/㎏, respectively. Conclusions : Glehnia littoralis are native to the coastal sand dunes, but when cultivated, it is necessary to extend the range of soil selection.

Background : This study was carried out to provide basic data for in-situ conservation of the rare Glehnia littoralis in Korean Midwest. Methods and Results : In Korean Midwest, The average number of plants with Glehnia littora lis were 7 taxa in per plot, and Sinduri was the most abundant in 8 taxa among the surveyed areas. The total number of plants that appeared together were 16 taxa including Glehnia littor alis, the plants were Artemisia capillaris, Asparagus schoberioides, Calystegia soldanella, Care x kobomugi, Carex pumila, Elymus mollis, Glehnia littoralis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Ixeris repens, Lathyrus japonica, Miscanthus sinensis, Oenothera bi ennis, Rosa rugosa, Vitex rotundifolia and Zoysia macrostachya. Among them, Carex kobomug i (46.3%), Elymus mollis (15.9%), and Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (11.7%) were the pla nts with an average coverage of more than 10%. The plants that appeared in all 4 sites in th e survey area were Carex kobomugi and Carex pumila. Conclusions : Rare medicinal plant of Glehnia littoralis was required to be in-situ conservatio n with accompanying plants of coastal sand dunes.

Background : This study was carried out to provide the basic data for selection of excellent resources and true seeds of southern medicinal plant (Camellia japonica). Methods and Results : Camellia japonica seedlings (measure in October, seeding in May) were 7.4 leaves, 1.0 g leaf dry weight, 6.7 ㎝ stem length, 2.9 ㎜ stem diameter, 0.3 g stem dry weight, 17.3 ㎝ root length, 1.0 g root dry weight, 2.0 g plant dry weight and 1.4. T/R ratio. Leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem diameter and root dry weight were higher than average after 1.21 g of seed weight. Stem length was higher than average after 1.01 g of seed weight, plant dry weight was higher than average after 0.81 g of seed weight, and stem dry weight was higher than average after 0.61 g of seed weight. Seedling growth was good when the seeds were heavy, and T/R ratio tended to decrease when the seeds were heavy. Conclusions : In order to mass-produce of seedlings using Camellia japonica seeds, it was necessary to specify the weight and size of the seeds.

Background : This study was carried out to provide the basic data for selection of excellent resources and true seeds of southern medicinal plant (Camellia japonica). Methods and Results : The germination rate at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage did not show a tendency according to seed weight. The germination rate of 4℃ wet sand storage increased with seed weight but showed very low germination rate at 120 days of storage. The germination rate at 4℃ wet filter paper storage was higher than 80% in 60 days, 90 days and 120 days storage, and there was no difference in germination rate with seed weight. The mean number of germination days was about 30 days in average at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage, but wet storage (sand, filter paper) was short as about 13 days. Conclusions : The seeding of Camellia japonica seeds (last autumn harvest) in the spring of the next year was evaluated as the most efficient way to 4℃ wet filter paper storage

Background:The present study was conducted to investigate the fatty acid content and habitat conditions of Glehnia littoralis in the Korean midwest region.Methods and Results:The emergence area of G. littoralis was 36.1 m from the coastline at an elevation of 4.2 m and slope of 4.3%. The soil of the habitat was sandy, the pH was 8.4, organic matter content was 0.4%, P2O5 content was 9.1 ㎎/㎏ and the content of K, Ca, Mg and Na were 0.09, 9.31, 0.43 and 0.23 cmol+/㎏, respectively. Other plants growing in this area with G. littoralis included 16 taxa. Plant with high coverage and frequency were Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Lathyrus japonicus, Calystegia soldanella and Carex pumila. In the seeds of G. littoralis, the maximum fatty acid content was 65.5% oleic acid, 28.7% linoleic acid, 4.3% palmitic acid, 1.5% stearic acid, and 0.2% linolenic acid.Conclusions:In G. littoralis of Korean midwest, the scope of collection and cultivation for medicinal purposes was broad, because differences in associated vegetation, soil composition, and fatty acid content owing to habitat conditions was low.

Background : This text was conducted to investigate the fruit type of Camellia japonica in ko rea. Methods and Results : In fruit of Camellia japonica, For fruit length of 24.1～33.0mm was 6 3.7%, and width of 30.1～39.0mm was 60.2%, and weight of 10.1～25.0g was 62.1%. Fruit was near in circle shape, because length/width ratio 0.71～1.00 indicate 79.6%. Seed number of per fruit by weight was also tends to be which is much as fruit is heavy. In correlation b etween each of fruit character, Fruit width showed a positive correlation with the fruit length, fruit weight, seed number. Also, for seed number, the correlation coefficient is the fruit weigh t (0.643**), fruit width (0.640**) was significantly more than the length (0.532**). Conclusions : Camellia japonica was very various size, shape of fruit and seed number of per fruit.

Background : This text was conducted to compare the difference of fatty acid by part and ha bitat of Glehnia littoralis in Korea Midwest. Methods and Results : In Glehnia littoralis, Saturated fatty acid consisted of palmitic acid, ste aric acid, and unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid. Content of w hole fatty acid was the most as 42.8% linoleic acid, and stearic acid was less best as 2.9%. Other fatty acid were oleic acid 27.1%, palmitic acid 15.3%, linolenic acid 11.9%. Fatty acid by plant part it was the most in leaf that linoleic acid (31.4%), and it was the most in root t hat linoleic acid (68.3%), and it was the most in breed that oleic acid (65.5%). Fatty acid by natural habitat contained in Incheon area located in high latitude more than Taean area. Conclusions : In Glehnia littoralis of Korea Midwest, The collection and cultivation of medici nal scope was broader, because difference of fatty acid content by natural habitat was light.

Background : This text was conducted to evaluate the distribution, shape characteristics and habitat condition of Crypsinus hastatus in Buyeo Korea. Methods and Results : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed at an altitude of 31.2 m, a slope of 82.5% and a distance from river water of 27.2 m. The leaf blade was oblong, 2.7 ㎝ long, 1.2 ㎝ wide with a petiole length of 2.3 ㎝. The total population comprised 2,100 individuals, with the highest proportion being individuals with a leaf blade of length 0.5 - 1 ㎝. The temperature and light intensity of the growth point were lower, but the humidity higher, than that of growth around. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH 4.42, organic matter 77.99 g/㎏, electrical conductivity 0.50 dS/m, nitrate nitrogen 20.50 ㎎/㎏ and available phosphate 165.7 ㎎/㎏. Exchangeable cation content of potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium was 0.35, 0.70, 0.09 and 2.04 c㏖+/㎏, respectively. Conclusions : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed in 5.3 ㎡ area of Nakhwaam, Naeseongri and Jeongamri. However, the population of the medicinal resources seemed to decrease owing to the poor environmental conditions of the habitat.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth conditions and vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitatin uninhabited islands of Incheon Korea. The emergence area of Peucedanum japonicum was 4.9m distance in coastline,and altitude and slope was 7.4m and 47.5%. Soil pH, organic matter and P2O5 of habitat were 7.1, 8.3% and 29.0㎎/㎏, andcontents of K, Ca, Mg and Na were 0.66, 4.9, 3.4 and 1.13cmol+/kg, respectively. Growth plants with Peucedanum japonicumwere total 55 taxa, and Gakeuldo in uninhabited islands was the most as 25 taxa. In growth plants with Peucedanumjaponicum, plants of over 25% frequence per plot were Miscanthus sinensis, Dendranthema boreale, Lilium lancifolium,Hemerocallis middendorffii, Elymus dahuricus, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii, Asparagus schoberioides, Gypsophila oldhamiana,Cocculus trilobus, Silene aprica var. oldhamiana, Artemisia capillaris, Crepidiastrum denticulatum and Sedum oryzifolium.The vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitat was classified into Aster spathulifolius community, Miscanthus sinensiscommunity, Dendranthema boreale community, Setaria viridis var. pachystachys community, Cirsium japonicum var. maackiicommunity and Hemerocallis middendorffii community. According to general condition of habitat, suitable growing areaswas determined to slightly acidic from mild alkaline soils.