톱다리개미허리노린재는 최근 농약사용 횟수의 증가로 천적이 사라지면서 전국적으로 크게 발생을 하고 있다. 톱다리개미허리노린재는 년 2~3회 발생하며 포장 잔재물이나 포장 주위의 잡초 등에서 성충으로 월동한 후 다음 해 봄 기주작물인 콩과 작물, 과수작물, 곡류작물에 피해를 주는데 이중 콩이 가장 적합한 먹이원이며 피해가 가장 크다. 콩의 열매 성숙 초기 즉 착협기에 일어나는 톱다리개미허리노린재에 의한 섭식 피해가 수확량에 직접적인 영향을 주기 때문이다. 본 실험은 톱다리개미허리노린재에 대한 기피제 개발 목적으로 미나리과 식물체정유인 아조완 정유와 그 성분들의 톱다리개머허리노린재 성충 및 약충에 대한 기피 활성을 실험실내에서 four-arms olfactometer를 이용하여 조사하였다. 아조완 정유를 1.25 mg의 농도에서 처리했을 때 성충 수컷 89% 및 암컷 성충 90%가 기피를 보였다. 4령 약충의 경우, 성충과 같은 농도로 처리했을 때 73%의 기피 활성이 나타났다. 아조완 정유의 기피 활성 물질을 확인하기 위해 GC-MS로 정유를 분석하였고 12종의 정유 성분을 확인하였다. 12종의 아조완 정유성분들 중 각 성충 수컷과 암컷, 4령 약충에서 1 mg 농도로 처리했을 때 thymol과 carvacrol이 100%의 강한 기피 활성을 보였다. 아조완 정유와 정유성분들은 톱다리개미허리노린재의 집합페로몬 트랩과 같이 “push and pull”전략에 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

소나무재선충은 북미가 원산으로 일본, 중국, 한국을 비롯한 동북아시아의 소나무류에 막대한 피해를 주고 있으며 포르투칼과 스페인에도 발생하여 유럽 소나무류에도 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 소나무재선충은 매개충인 Monochamus속에 의해 새로운 기주로 옮겨지기 때문에 매개충을 방제하는 것이 가장 중요하다. 국내 소나무재선충 매개충은 솔수염하늘 소와 북방수염하늘소가 보고되어 있으며 이들을 방제하기 위하여 주로 유기합성농약을 항공 살포하거나 연막기를 이용하여 살포하고 있다. 하지만 유기합성농약의 대면적 살포는 산림생태계에 큰 위협요인이 되고 있다. 본 발표에서는 유기합성농약을 대체하기 위하여 소나무재선충 매개충의 집합-성페로몬 및 카이로몬 연구 그리고 이들 유인제의 현장적용 연구 및 추후 연구방향에 대해 소개를 하고자 한다.

The insecticidal activities of 13 Lamiaceae plant oils and their components against adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L. (Blattodea: Blattellidae), were evaluated using fumigant and contact bioassay. Among the tested oils, basil, pennyroyal, and spearmint showed the strongest insecticidal activities against adult B. germanica. Insecticidal activity of pennyroyal was 100% against male B. germinica at 1.25 mg concentration in fumigant bioassay. Basil and spearmint revealed 100% and 100% insecticidal activity against male B. germinica at 5 mg concentration, but their activities reduced to 80% and 25% at 2.5 mg concentration, respectively. In contact toxicity bioassy, basil, pennyroyal, and spearmint oils exhibited 100%, 100%, and 98% mortality against female B. germanica at 1 mg/♀, respectively. Among the constituents identified in basil, pennyroyal and spearmint oils, insecticidal activity of pulegone was the strongest against male and female B. germanica.

최근 기후변화로 인하여 다양한 산림곤충들이 대면적으로 발생하여 산림수목에 큰 피해를 주고 있다. 그러나 산림해충의 정확한 발생모니터링이 이루어지고 있지 않으며 대부분의 방제 또한 유기합성농약에 의존하고 있다. 페로몬은 해충의 정확한 발생 모니터링뿐 아니라 대량포획 및 교미교란에 의한 친환경 방제방법으로 널리 활용 될 수 있다. 특히 산림은 다양한 생태계로 구성되어 있기 때문에 유기합성농약을 줄이거나 대체 할 수 있는 방제방법이 시급한 실정이다. 본 발표에서는 주요 산림해충인 천공성 해충류, 곰솔의 주요 해충인 솔껍질깍지벌레, 나비목 해충류에 대한 근래 연구동향에 대해 소개하고 미래의 산림해충 화학생태학의 연구 방향에 대한 제언을 하고자 한다.

In this study, we isolated and identified an aggregation-sex pheromone from Monochamus saltuarius, the major insectvector of the pine wood nematode in Korea. Adult male of M. saltuarius produces 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, which is knownto be an aggregation-sex pheromone in other Monochamus species. We performed field experiments to determine the attractivenessof the pheromone and other synergists. More M. saltuarius adult beetles were attracted to traps baited with the pheromonethan to unbaited traps. Ethanol and (-)-α-pinene interacted synergistically with the pheromone. Traps baited with pheromone+(-)-α-pinene+ethanol were more attractive to M. saltuarius adults than traps baited with pheromone, (-)-α-pinene, or ethanol alone.Ipsenol, ipsdienol, and limonene were also identified as synergists of the aggregation-sex pheromone for M. saltuarius adults.

We evaluated the larvicidal and nematicidal activities of 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues against the Asian tigermosquito, Aedes albopictus and the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, organisms of increasing global concern.Among 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues, four compounds 10, 14d, 14g, and 19b showed >90% larvicidal activity againstAe. albopictus at 10μg/mL concentration, and one (compound 10) showed the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus,with a LC50 value of 0.22μg/mL. Only compound 18 showed strong nematicidal activity against pine wood nematode.Most active compounds possessed similar physicochemical properties; thus, actives typically had ClogP values of around1.40-1.50 and rel-PSA values of 16-17%.

We evaluated the larvicidal activity of 12 Apiaceae plant essential oils and their components against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase with their components. Of the 12 plant essential oils tested, ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), caraway seed (Carum carvi), carrot seed (Daucus carota), celery (Apium graveolens), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), dill (Anethum graveolens), and parsley (Petroselinum sativum) resulted in >90% larval mortality when used at 0.1 mg/mL. Of the compounds identified, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, p-cymene, (-)-limonene, (+)-limonene, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde, neral, (S)-+-carvone, trans-anethole, thymol, carvacrol, myristicin, apiol, and carotol resulted in >80% larval mortality when used at 0.1 mg/mL.

We evaluated the repellent activity of 12 Apiaceae plant essential oils and their components against male and female adult German cockroaches, Blattella germanica, to find new natural repellents. Of the plant essential oils tested, ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oils showed the most potent repellent activity against male and female adult German cockroaches. Of the compounds identified, carvacrol, thymol, and R-(-)-carvone showed >80% repellent activity against male and female adult German cockroaches at 0.2 mg/L air concentration. S-(+)-Carvone, (+)-dihydrocarvone, and terpinen-4-ol showed >70% repellent activity against male and female adult German cockroaches at 0.8 mg/L air concentration. Our results indicated that Apiaceae plant essential oils and their constituent have good potential as natural repellents against adult German cockroaches.

Oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was firstly reported at Sungnam city, Gyeonggi province, Korea, in 2004, and spread to several area of Korean peninsula. Raffaelea quercus-monglicae was transferred by ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, and caused oak wilt disease. Because oak wilt disease is mediated by ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, control of this disease concentrates on managing the ambrosia beetle population. Until now, several control methods such as felling and fumigation of dead oak trees with metham sodium, sticky-roll trap for catching emerged or attacking beetles, and oak tree logs for attraction of ambrosia beetle have been mainly used to control oak wilt disease in Korea. Although effective, current control methods have many side effects. Felling of oak tree is very difficult and dangerous to workers. To reduce the side effects of conventional control methods, new and safe types of control method for managing the ambrosia beetle populations are essential. In this study, we investigated the number of caught beetles, effect of height and direction of collection bottles by using newly developed mass capturing device for P. koryoensis to evaluate the effectiveness of this device as practical use in field.

Medicinal plant extracts from 27 plant species in 20 families were tested for their larvicidal activity against house fly, Musca domestica (L.). Responses varied with plant material and concentration. Among plant species tested, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica showed 100% larvicidal activity against M. domestica at 10 mg/g concentration. Larvicidal activities of Atractylodes japonica, Saussurea lappa, Asiasarum sieboldi, and Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis were 89.3, 85.3, 93.3 and 96.6% at 10 mg/g concentration, respectively. Extracts of Prunus persica, Curcuma longa and Paeonia moutan produced moderate activity. Larvicidal activity of other plant extracts was less than 50%. Among test plant species, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica showed the most potent larvicidal activity. The active constituent of P. leptostachya var. asiatica roots was identified as the leptostachyol acetate by spectroscopic analysis. The LC50valuesofleptostachyolacetateagainstM. domestica larvae was 0.039 mg/g. Naturally occurring medicinal plant extracts and Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica root–derived compounds merit further study as potential house fly larval control agents or lead compounds.

We evaluated the larvicidal activity of 20 plant essential oils and components from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) and Peru balsam (Myroxylon pereira) oils against Aedes aegypti. Of the 20 plant essential oils, ajowan and Peru balsam oils at 0.1 mg/mL exhibited 100% and 97.5% larval mortality, respectively. At this same concentration, the individual constituents, (+)-camphene, benzoic acid, thymol, carvacrol, benzyl benzonate and benzyl trans-cinnamate caused 100% mortality. The toxicity of blends of constituents identified in 2 active oils indicated that thymol and benzyl benzoate were major contributors to the larvicidal activity of the artificial blend. We also tested the acute toxicity of these 2 active oils and their major constituents against the water flea, Daphnia magna. Peru balsam oil and benzyl trans-cinnamate were the most toxic to D. magna. Two days after the treatment, residues of ajowan and Peru balsalm oils in water were 36.2% and 85.1%, respectively. Less than 50% of benzyl trans-cinnamate and thymol were detected in the water at 2 days after treatment. Our results show that the essential oils of ajowan and Peru balsam and some of their constituents have potential as botanical insecticides against Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae.

본 연구는 그림책을 활용한 장애이해교육에 나타난 예비유아교사의 인식 변화를 알아 보고, 이를 기초로 추후 장애유아통합교육을 더욱 활성화하기 위한 교사양성방안을 모색 하는데 목적을 가지고 있다. 연구대상은 D지역 유아교육과 2학년에 재학 중인 예비유아 교사 22명이며, 교육 전후 예비유아교사들이 작성한 지적장애 및 자폐성장애인에 대한 사회적 거리감 질문지와 반성적 저널, 그림책 분석자료 및 교육계획안을 수집하였다. 자료분석을 위해 혼합연구방법을 적용하였으며, 양적분석은 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 대응표본 t-검정, 질적분석은 Nvivo 11.0프로그램을 사용하여 저널 중심으로 분석하였 다. 본 연구 결과, 그림책 활용 장애아이해교육을 통해 예비유아교사의 지적장애와 자폐 성장애에 대한 사회적 거리감이 유의미하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 반성적 저널 을 통해 예비유아교사들은 타자화 된 장애에 대한 경계를 허물고, 장애통합교육이 장애아와 비장애아 모두를 위한 교육이며, 장애유아통합교육을 담당하는 교사로서의 소명감 을 인식하게 된 것을 알 수 있었다.