Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer constituent of the cell wall of green plants and of various forms of algae. The complexity of lignocellulosic biomass is a major challenge in industrial research. Most mushroom species that naturally grow on soil or wood possess cellulases and the corresponding enzymatic system and, potential candidates for the direct bioconversion of softwood polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. However, there have been fewer studies on mushroom cellulases than on fungi such as Trichoderma spp., exploit the full potential of mushroom cellulases. This review will focus on the current status ofmushroom cellulase research and applications and will provide insight into promising future prospects.

실험에서는 꽃송이버섯 (Sparassis crispa, formerly S. crispa) 에탄올 추출물의 소수성 분획을 분리하고 각 분획의 DPPH 항산화 활성과 위암 (AGS), 폐암 (A529), 간암 (HepG2) 세포주를 이용한 항암 활성을 MTT assay 를 통해 확인 하였다. SOCC를 사용하여 총 18개의 fraction으로 분획하였고 TLC와 세포주를 이용한 항암 활 성 확인을 통하여 5개의 fraction으로 압축하였다. 항암 활성이 높은 5개의 fraction은 HPLC-MS를 통해 각 분획 물을 분석한 결과 항산화 활성을 보이지 않았으며 약 181.0의 분자량을 가진 물질이 지표물질로 확인되었으므 로 이 물질의 화학식 동정을 위하여 추가실험이 필요하다. 세포주를 이용한 항암실험 결과 꽃송이버섯 추출물은 위 암 (AGS), 폐암 (A529), 간암 (HepG2) 세포주 모두에서 양성대조군인 paclitaxel보다 낮은 세포 생존율을 보여 주 었으며(IC50 value), 이것은 추후 꽃송이버섯 추출물에 포 함된 항암 물질 분리 연구를 위한 기초연구 결과로서 무 척 의미가 크다고 할 수 있다.

Edible mushrooms have been used and researched as medicinal ingredients. They improve immunity and contain excellent anticancer components with large amounts of minerals such as iron, calcium, and potassium. Due to this reason, it has been hailed as a raw material for functional foods. Especially, β-glucan, known to be contained in Ganoderma incidum Karst, Coriolus versicolor, and Phellinus linteus, was reported to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells by activating immune function (macrophages, natural killer cells and T-cells). In addition, mushroom polysaccharides dissolve in water but are undigested ingredients, resulting in stimulating the immune system as well as staying of parasympathetic nervous system in the stomach for a long time. As a result, they induce increase of T-cells and NK cell that attacks cancer cell and has effect on the discharge of body's waste products, blood purification, and constipation improvement. In this study, we report the culture characteristics of Sparassis crispa as to the medium growth compositions, yeast, and elicitor treatments to investigate the optimal condition for the highest β-glucan production in mushrooms.

Sparassis crispa is an edible and a medicinal mushroom, which commonly called cauliflower mushroom and this mushroom, has recently become popular in Asian countries like Korea and Japan. S. crispa can establish to be a good source material for foods and nutraceuticals due to their rich flavor compounds and much amount of b-glucan. Basidiomycetes mushrooms hold the biologically active polysaccharides in fruit bodies, cultured mycelium, and culture broth. Many factors are amenable for the antitumor activities of polysaccharides such as water solubility, molecular size and their branch form. The antitumor activity was examined mainly in the β-glucan (1-3) branched moiety. The researchers suggest that the primary structure of purified β-glucan from the S. crispa possess the backbone structural units as β-(1,3)-D-glucan with single β- (1,6)-D-glucosyl side branching units in every three residues. Polysaccharide derived from S. crispa play an significant role in the antitumor activity. In vitro study revealed that the oral administration of S. crispa β -glucan results in suppressive effect on tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer through the inhibition of tumor induced-angiogenesis. The researchers also suggests that this effects are not a result of direct action on the endothelial cells because cell growth, migration and capillary-like tube formation were not affected in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells by S. crispa β-glucan application.

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