According to NSSC Notice No. 2021-10, safety analysis needs to be introduced in the decommissioning plan. Public and occupational dose analyses should be conducted, specifically for unexpected radiological accidents. Herein, based on the risk matrix and analytic hierarchy process, the method of selecting accident scenarios during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants has been proposed. During decommissioning, the generated spent resin exhibits relatively higher activity than other generated wastes. When accidents occur, the release fraction varies depending on the conditioning method of radioactive waste and type of radioactive nuclides or accidents. Occupational dose analyses for 2 (fire and drop) among 11 accident scenarios have been performed. The radiation doses of the additional exposures caused by the fire and drop accidents are 1.67 and 4.77 mSv, respectively.

Nuclear power plants decommissioning is planned to be started in middle of the 2020. It is necessary to develop safety evaluation and verification technology during decommissioning to ensure the safety of security monitoring measures and maintenance measures, appropriate emergency plans and preparations for decommissioning, and the use of proven engineering when establishing decommissioning plan. For this purpose, a nuclear power plant decommissioning plan is prepared in several stages before decommissioning. When a lifetime of a nuclear power plant has reached, it needs to be decommissioned and therefore operator company should submit decommissioning plans to the National Safety and Security Commission. And safety analysis should be included in this document and it is explained in chapter 6. According to the NSSC Notice No. 2021-10, it is largely divided into principles and standards, exposure scenarios, dose assessment, residual radioactivity, abnormal events, and risk analysis. When unexpected radiological accident is happened, both public and occupational dose analysis should be conducted. However, research on the former can be found easily on the other hands, research on the latter is not active. In this paper, method of choosing scenarios of accidents during the decommissioning the nuclear power plants is briefly introduced. Accidents during nuclear power plants decommissioning cases in USA is chosen and its risk is evaluated by using risk matrix and ranked by AHP method. During the decommissioning phases, varieties of radioactive waste is expected to be generated such as contaminated concrete and metal. On the other hand, Dry Active Waste (DAW) is generated and its amount is and its amount is 7,353 drums. Characteristic of DAW is highly flammable compared to concrete or metal. Moreover, depending on method of radioactive waste conditioning and type of radioactive nuclides, release rate of the nuclides varies. Thus this type of radioactive waste is critical to fire accidents and such accident can occur extra dose exposure which exceeds the guideline of the regulatory body to workers. Therefore, in this paper, occupational dose exposure during the fire accident is conducted.

Salicornia europaea L. (SE) as a halophyte has been widely used as a seasoned vegetable with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. In particular, the desalted SE (DSE) has been considered an attractive alternative compared to SE for its anti-obesity effect. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is one of the known α-glucosidase inhibitors and has been reported to have similar biological activities with SE. This study reports the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities of DSE fermented by Bacillus velezensis K26 (BVDSE) previously isolated from Korean fermented soybean paste and elucidated to produce 1-DNJ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 cells. BVDSE (5%) did not show cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells and inhibited lipid accumulation, which was decreased to 23% in the differentiated cells. BVDSE did not inhibit the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, while it remarkedly inhibited IL-6 on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the fermentation of DSE with B. velezensis K26 as a 1-DNJ producer has more significant anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects than even non-fermented DSE, assuming the synergistic effects by 1-DNJ production from B. velezensis K26, by which it could be highlighted that BVDSE may be considered for use as a functional food supplement.

This experiment was aimed to identify concentrations of mineral nutrients in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown on hydroball aquaponics and in the water for growing fish by conducting two experiments. The experiment I (Expt. I) was conducted with 12 fishes (F12) with and without filter, hydroball and plants (H12 (12 fishes, hydroball), FHP12 (12 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants) and HP12 (12 fishes, hydroball, 6 plants)), and the experiment II (Expt. II) was with and without plants (FH15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball), FHP15 (15 fishes, filter, hydroball, 6 plants)). The pH level in the water of all the treatments was decreased during the growing period, and the pH and EC of the water were lower in all the treatment with plants than those without plants in both Expt. I and Expt. II. When compared with adequate nutrient concentrations for hydroponics, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the fish growing water were higher under the FHP15 treatment in Expt. II; however, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were only 16, 49, and 82% of hydroponics, representatively, and iron (Fe) was not detected. The fresh weight of lettuce harvested from the FHP15 treatment was 38 g, only a 30% of marketable lettuce yield. The T-N and P contents of the leaf tissue grown under the FHP15 treatment were close to the optimal level; however, the K, Ca, and iron (Fe) contents were less than the optimal with no deficiency symptom.

요즘 학교는 의사소통의 부재로 인하여 학교폭력이라는 몸살을 앓고 있다. 학생들의 의사소통능력 부족은 자기표현력의 부족에서 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 미술교과를 선택하여 자기표현력 신장을 위해 학생들이 의식하지 못하는 사이에 자신의 생각과 감정을 표현할 수 있게 하였다. 그리고 소통과 공감의 시각문화미술교육(VCAE)활동 프로그램을 적용하여 다양한 덕목과 가치를 창의적으로 표현하는 기회를 제공하였다.

김치는 한국을 대표하는 젖산발효식품으로 현재까지 김치에서 분리한 다양한 유산균종들이 생산하는 박테리오신에 대한 연구가 진행되어왔다. Lactococcus, Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc 및 Pediococcus 속 균주들이 여기에 속하며, 특이한 점은 이들 김치 유래 박테리오신은 김치 산패균으로알려진 Lactobacillus plantarum을 지시균으로 사용하여 대부분 탐색되었다. 이들 박테리오신은 유산균과 Listeria mo-nocytogenes을 포함한 그람양성균에 대하여 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 이들 중 몇몇은 E. coli 및 Salmonella Typhimu-rium과 같은 그람음성균에 대하여도 항균활성을 나타냈다.또한 이들이 생산하는 박테리오신은 대부분 class II에 속하는 저분자량의 박테리오신으로 pH 및 열에 매우 안정한특성을 나타내었다. 하지만 이들 중 Lactobacillus paraplan-tarum C7가 생산하는 paraplantaricin C7만이 신규 박테리오신으로 이들 박테리오신의 아미노산 서열 분석 및 박테리오신 생산 유전자의 유전학적 해명은 비교적 잘 알려지지 않았다. 앞으로 다양한 종류의 김치 시료로부터 신규 박테리오신 생산 균주의 탐색 및 김치의 metagenome 정보를기초로 한 신규 박테리오신 유전자 확보 등의 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.