This study was carried out to investigate insect community structure from different habitats. We performed day and night collection at three different habitats (mountain, coast and rural area) of island Deokjeok, island Soya and island Mungap from May to September in 2014. A total of 3,482 individuals of 725 species, 119 families belonging to 10 orders were collected and identified. A dominant species was Corymbia rubra (Cerambycidae) despite a very low percentage of the species among the catches. Results of ANOVA test showed a significant effect of habitats typeon species diversity. Also, combination of seasons and habitats types were significantly influential with species abundance and species diversity. Indicator species analysis (ISA) result identified 121 significant (p < 0.05) indicator species; one species for the habitats cluster, 93 species for the season cluster and 27species for combination of habitats with seasons.

Sirtuin proteins are evolutionary conserved Sir2-related NAD+-dependent deacetylases and regulate many of cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, transcription, and aging. Sirtuin contains activity of either ADP-ribosyl-transferase or deacetyltranfease and their activity is dependent on the localization in cells. However, the expression pattern of Sirtuins has not been well studied. To examine the expression levels of Sirtuins, RT-PCR was performed using total RNAs from various tissues including liver, small intestine, heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, stomach, uterus, ovary, and testis. Sirtuins were highly expressed in most of tissues including the testis. Immunostaining assay showed that Sirt1 and Sirt6 were mainly located in the nucleus of germ cells, spermatocytes, and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules, whereas Sirt2 and Sirt5 were exclusively present in the cytoplasm of germ cells and sperma-tocytes. Our results indicate that Sirtuins may function as regulators of spermatogenesis and their activities might be dependent on their location in the seminiferous tubules.

An insect faunal survey was carried out to investigate insect community structure along the vegetation community to monitor insect species in forest ecosystem. We performed day and night collections from June to August along three vegetation communities of Is. Nam-hae in 2014: the first stand with Pinus thunbergii, the second P. thunbergii with Quercus serrata and the third P. thunbergii with various Quercus species. In total 2,259 individuals of 532 species, 99 families, 13 orders are identified. Cluster Analyses (CA) showed that all three vegetation communities were relatively similar between vegetation community types. According to indicator species analysis (ISA) result, nine significant indicator species were identified (p < 0.05); five species were found to be affected by the vegetation cluster and four species the month cluster.

The purpose 01' pl'esent study was to examine the molecular events in apoptosis by CoCl2, mimicking hypoxic cond ition and recovering effects by LED ir l'adiation on Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells The SOUl'ce 0 1' light for ir l'adiation was a continuous-wave LED emitting at a wavelenl양h of 590 nm, and manufactured that ene rgy density was 5 mW!cm2 on sample surface, After ir l'adiation, cell viabi lity was measured with BrdU , cell morphol ogy was examined with Diff- Quik staining, cell signaling was monitored with various apoptosis-related molecules using RNase Pl'otection Assay(RPA) , W11en treated with CoC12, apoptotic induction was found in the SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner , Diff-Quik s taining was revealed that DNA fragmentation re presented apoptosis was examined in CoC12-tl'eated group, Moreover, RPA assay of SH-SY5Y cclls lIs ing val'iolls apoptosis-related molecllles showed that the apoptotic cell population was mcreased J-loweve. there was sorne signifïcant change in LED irradiatied cells aftel' treatement of CoC12 The main mechanism for Lhese a poptosis appearecl to be mito c hondriεt - m ecliated pathway, such as cytochrome- c‘ caspase-9, caspase-3, pro-apototic protein ßax, anti-apototic protein Bcl-2, and death receptor• mediated pathway, such as Fas, cas pase- 8, a ncl TNFRl These results demonstrate that CoCI2 induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y via different dual apop tosis pathway through death receptor pathway as well as mitochondria- dependent pathway and LED irradiation can recl llces the CoCl2-induced apoptosis by blocking their internal signaling pathway

Although flood and drought have ceaselessly taken place, recently the scale of disasters by them has become incomparably bigger than that of the past, and frequency of flood has rapidly on the increase (Harim et al, 2013). According to National Emergency Management, the frequency of torrential downpours over 30mm per hour was average 3.8 times for last 30 years and average 5.2 times for recent 5 years. Number of days with localized torrential downpour over 80mm per day has increased by 1.5 times for the same period. In addition, recently with the change of climate in Korea, the severity of drought has intensified in 6- to 7-year cycle and, with such reasons as excessive intake of stream water, streams are drying up, especially during spell of dry weather (Maeng, Seung Jin et al, 2013). Even though the government, as countermeasures for these problems, has made efforts to prevent disasters by establishing Water Resources Integrated Development 10-year Plan and Water Resources Long-term Integrated Development Plan, implementing Stream & River Improvement Projects and constructing multi-purpose dams, there are difficulties to promptly cope with rapidly changing weather conditions, requiring urgently measures to minimize damages from droughts and floods. This study developed Portable Multi-purpose Water Barrier (Pocket Dam) which can promptly cope with floods and localized torrential downpour, secure agricultural water by temporarily blocking irrigational channel and drainage during drought and has wide applicability to various areas. To develop Portable Multi-purpose Water Barrier, this study i) selected ultra-light materials for easy mobility ii) chose optimum standards applying MIDAS program iii) verified safety features through field applications. For the maximization of blocking effect as well as the lightening of product, Sol Tarpaulin (PVC-coated polyester) was selected that has endurance against water pressure and excellent gripping force on irregular ground bottom. In addition, by using 3-dimensional structural program MIDAS, the barrier was designed in such a structure that it will not be destroyed or pushed behind by water pressure. As the result of the application of developed barrier on Dorim stream in Gwanak-gu and underground parking lot in Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, the barrier was not destroyed or pushed behind, and, instead, it maintained constant standing position and blocked water, proving that it has diverse applicability in addition to safety features in structure and material.

Cerebral infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common cause of death from a singledisease in South Korea. Each year, 795,000 people in the U.S. experience a new or recurrent stroke. Approximately 15-30% of cerebral infarctions are of embolic origin related to cardiac abnormalities. Because determination of the etiology of cerebral infarction is crucial to acute management and future prevention, clinicians should pay attention to finding the cardiac source of embolism in patients with cerebral infarction. We report on a case of cerebral infarction by a small papillary fibroelastoma on the mitral valve. The patient was treated with open heart surgery and closure of the patent foramen ovale to prevent further embolic events.