Anatomic variations in the biliary tree may not be detected until adulthood and they can cause unexplained jaundice and biliary pain. Recognition of these anatomic variations is important to avoid an incorrect diagnosis and significant ductal injury during biliary surgery. Although there are numerous anatomic bile duct variations, an accessory cystic duct draining into the right hepatic duct is rare. We report a case of an accessory cystic duct draining into the right hepatic duct with cholelithiasis, in which the abnormality was identified by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and confirmed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The effects of the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive on the electrochemical performance of an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode were investigated. Coin-type EDLC cells with an organic electrolyte were fabricated using the electrode samples with different ball-milling times for the mixing of an active material and a conductive additive. The ball-milling time had a strong influence on the electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode. The homogeneous mixing of the active material and the conductive additive by ball-milling was very important to obtain an efficient EDLC electrode. However, an EDLC electrode with an excessive ball-milling time displayed low electrical conductivity due to the characteristic change of a conductive additive, leading to poor electrochemical performance. The mixing of an active material and a conductive additive played a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of EDLC electrode. The optimal ball-milling time contributed to a homogeneous mixing of an active material and a conductive additive, leading to good electrochemical performance of the EDLC electrode.

This study was estimated for cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae in Brassica campestris L. var. rapa (L.) Hartm. in order to institute of Economic injury levels(EILs). B. brassicae was innoculated on April 29, in differently 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 adults per ten plant, respectively. After inoculated of B. brassicae, the density was increased until harvest ing gradually in all plots except non innoculate plot. and Higher inoculation density were increased higher than lower inoculation density. Percentage of damage leaf was higher in plots with higher initial aphid density than in plots with lower initial aphid density. And the leaf weight of commodity were decreased in higher initial aphid density. The decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was increased with increasing initial aphid density. The relationship between initial B. brassicae densities and the decreasing rates of leaf weight of commodity was well described by a linear regression, Y=0.8416X-3.5147, R2=0.94. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per 10 plant which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 10.1. And EILs was estimated to be approximately 1.0 adults/plant in late April.

May-Thurner syndrome is associated with deep vein thrombosis resulting from chronic compression of the iliac vein against the lumbar vertebrae caused by the overlying common iliac artery. Stent insertion into the compressed lesion is used in treatment of May-Thurner syndrome. Various complications can occur during angioplasty while using a stent. Among these complications, shrinkage of the vein below the stent, a rare complication, was observed in our hospital during treatment of a patient with May-Thurner syndrome. Different complications can occur when venous angioplasty is performed, unlike that when arterial angioplasty is performed.