This study aims to survey current chicken industry and the status of technology based on the KAFACI project on the promotion of good management for increased productivity of market oriented small scale chicken producers in Nigeria. The agricultural sector has been identified as a virile sector with varieties of opportunities for the much sought diversification of revenue base and employment generation in Nigeria despite the dominance of smallholder farmers. The chicken enterprise has being a component of the livestock industry showing increasing importance. Growing entrepreneurships for sustainable growth of the industry requires investigating the prevailing environment in market-oriented chicken production in Southwest Nigeria. This study investigated the production practices, constraints of market oriented smallholder chicken farmers. Data were generated through farm survey of 240 farmers selected by multi-stage sampling techniques from 5 out of 6 states in the Southwest. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study shows a population of famers dominated by male 76.7% and average year of education of 13.88years. Foundation stock of birds are prominently sourced from commercial hatcheries (75.8%) and reared under intensive management system (87.8%). Majority of the farmers (46.7%) are into rearing of layers, broilers and cockerels with an average stock size of 449, 157 and 158 birds respectively. Birds are fed twice daily (74.8%) on compounded ration by 95.4% of the farmers. Major production constraints are high feed cost (32.1%), shortage of capital (30.0%) and poor access to market (25.4%). However, 96.7% of the farmers considered the enterprise profitable.

Recently, we suggested a CME earthward direction parameter as an important geoeffective parameter that has been demonstrated by front-side halo CME data. In this study, we present the geometrical implication of this parameter by comparing with the parameters from a CME cone model. Major results from this study can be summarized as follows. First, we derive an analytic relationship between the cone model parameters (the half angular width of a cone and the angle between the cone axis and the plane of sky) and the earthward direction parameter. Second, we demonstrate a close relationship between the earthward direction parameter and the cone axis angle using 32 front-side full halo CMEs. Third, we found that there is noticeable inconsistency between the cone axis angles estimated from the cone model fitting to the CMEs and from their associated flare positions, implying that the flare position should not be considered as a good earthward direction parameter. Finally we present several advantages of our earthward direction parameter in terms of the forecast of a geomagnetic storm based on CME parameters.

처분장에서 지하수로 쉽게 유출될 수 있는 방사성 핵종들의 양을 예측하기 위하여 국내 PWR 사용후핵연료 팰렛들의 갭(gap) 및 입계에 있는 용해성 원소들의 재고량을 측정하였다. 연소도가 GWD/MTU를 갖는 연료봉에서 얻은 펠렛들에서 세슘의 갭 재고량이 로 나타났으며, 이는 핵분열 생성기체 유출률의 에 해당하였다. 그러나 핵분열 생성기체 유출 률이 1%이하인 연료봉에서 취한 40 GWD/MTU이하의 연소도를 갖는 펠렛들의 경우, 세슘의 갭 재고량들을 핵분열 생성기체 유출률과 연관시키기는 곤란하였다. 갭 및 입계내 스트론튬의 재고량은 동일 연료봉내 펠렛에서는 크게 다르지 않았으며, 요오드의 갭 재고량은 핵분열 생성기체 유출률보다 작거나 유사한 값을 갖는 것으로 평가되었다.

Co-Fe-Ni-B-Si-Cr based amorphous strips containing nitrogen were manufactured via melt spinning, and then devitrified by crystallization treatment at the various annealing temperatures of for up to 30 minutes in an inert gas atmosphere. The microstructures were examined by using XRD and TEM and the magnetic properties were measured by using VSM and B-H meter. Among the alloys, the amorphous ribbons of containing 121 ppm of nitrogen showed relatively high saturation magnetization. The alloy ribbons crystallized at showed that the grain size of alloy containing 121 ppm of nitrogen was about f nm, which exhibited paramagnetic behavior. The formation of nano-grain structure was attributed to the finely dispersed Fe4N particles and the solid-solutionized nitrogen atoms in the matrix. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the nano-grain structure of 5nm in size could reduce the core loss within the normally applied magnetic field of 300A/m at 10kHz.

The present study was conducted for the production of transgenic cloned cows those secrete human lactoferricin into milk by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT). To estimate detrimental effects of gene transfection on transgenic cloned embryo production, development rates of NT embryos were compared between transfected and non-transfected cumulus and ear fibroblast cells. An expression plasmid for human lactofericin (pbeta-LFC) was constructed by inserting a bovine beta-casein promoter, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene, and human lactoferricin target gene into a pcDNA3 plasmid. Two bovine somatic cell lines (cumulus cell and ear fibroblast) were established and transfected with the expression plasmid using a liposomal transfection reagent, Fugene6 as a carrier. Cumulus cell and ear fibroblast were transfected at the passage of 2 to 4, trypsinized and GFP-expressing cells were randomly selected and used for somatic cell NT. Developmental competences (rates of fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst formation) in bovine transgenic somatic cell NT embryos reconstructed with non-transfectecd cells were significantly higher than those from transfected cells in cumulus cell and ear fibroblast (P＜0.05). This study indicated that transfection of done. cell has detrimental effect on embryo development in bovine transgenic NT.

Human Prourokinase (proUK) offers potential as a novel agent with improved fibrin specificity and, as such, may offer advantages as an attractive alternative to urokinase that is associated with clinical benefits in patients with acute peripheral arterial occlusion. For production of transgenic cow as human proUK bioreacotor, we conducted this study to establish efficient production system for bovine transgenic embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) using human prourokinase gene transfected donor cell. An expression plasmid for human prourokinase was constructed by inserting a bovine beta-casein promoter, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene, and human prourokinase target gene into a pcDNA3 plasmid. Cumulus cells were used as donor cell and transfected with the expression plasmid using the Fugene 6 as a carrier. To increase the efficiency for the production of transgenic NT, development rates were compared between non-transfected and transfected cell in experiment 1, and in experiment 2, development rates were compared according to level of GFP expression in donor cells. In experiment 1, development rates of non-transgenic NT embryos were significantly higher than transgenic NT embryos (43.3 vs. 28.4％). In experiment 2, there were no significant differences in fusion rates (85.4 vs. 78.9％) and cleavage rates (78.7 vs. 84.4％) between low and high expressed cells. However, development rates to blastocyst were higher in low expressed cells (17.0 vs. 33.3％), and GFP expression rates in blastocyst were higher in high expressed cells (75.0 vs. 43.3％), significantly.

복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae Sulzer)은 두가지 서로 다른 기주선호성을 가지는데 이 기주선호성과 형태적 특징에 기초하여 담배진닷물(Myzus nicotinae Blackman)과 담배 이외의 다른 채소류에 서식하는 복숭아 혹진딧물(M. persicae)로 분류하였지만(Blachmean, 1987) 이 분류 방법에 동의하지 않는 학자들도 많다. 이런 이유로 RAPD-PCR 기법을 이용하여 한국에 서식하는 복숭아혹진딧물에 대하여 그들의 2차 숙주선호성에 따른 DNA의 변이 정도를 살펴보았다. 실험곤충으로는 담배와 배추에서 채집하여 사육한 진딧물 각 4 clones 씩을 사용하였다. 각 clone은 한 개체를 사육하여 얻은 자손들과 그들의 후손으로 이루어졌으며, 사육한 진딧물에서 핵 DNA를 추출하고, 10개 nucleotide 길이의 random primer 100가지를 사용하여 PCR한 후 1 % agarose gel 전기영동법으로 분석하였다. 사용한 100종류의 random primer 중 83가지에서 DNA 단편이 합성되었다. 증폭된 1개의 primer당 단편의 수는 1개에서 22개였고 평균 단편 수는 약 13개였으며, 각 각 단편의 길이는 500에서 20,000 base pair사이에 분포하였다. 82가지 primer의 경우에 일부 단편의 짙기에는 차이가 있었으나 단편종류의 분포는 동일하게 나타났다. 한가지 primer경우에만 담배섭식형 1개 c clone에서 다른 7가지 clones에 없는 band가 1개 나타났다. 이때 나머지 7 clones의 단편 분포 형태는 모두 동일하였다. 따라서 이 band는 숙주 선호성과는 무관한 것으로 보인다. 결국 이 실험에 사용한 100종류의 primer에 기초하여 RAPD-PCR기법으로 DNA를 증폭한 결과 복숭아혹진딧물의 숙주선호성이 개체군간의 유전적인 차이점에 기인한다는 가설을 뒷받침할 만한 증거를 찾지 못하였다.