Atmospheric characterization has become a crucial area of study for exoplanets. The exoplanets known as ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) offer a natural laboratory for studying extreme atmospheric physics that cannot be observed in the solar system. One way to analyze their atmospheres is by transmission spectroscopy. However, it can be challenging to obtain such information because a planet’s signal is too weak compared to that of its host star, resulting in the planetary contribution to the observed spectrum being negligible. Therefore, the minimum observational requirements must be assessed first to distinguish the planetary signal from the stellar one to study these planets. In this context, we obtained the transmission spectra of UHJs TOI-1431 b and WASP-189 b by observing each exoplanet for one night with BOAO Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) on the 1.8 m telescope at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO). We searched for various chemical species by cross-correlating the exoplanetary spectra with model synthetic spectra. Our search for atmospheric signal returned a detection confidence level less than 3 σ for both targets. Therefore, we applied model injection to recover the atmospheric signals of the planets and assessed the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) to achieve 5 σ detection. During our search, we successfully recovered the planet signals with detection significances of 5.11 σ after a 750% injection of the model signal for TOI-1431 b and 5.02 σ for a 90% injection forWASP-189 b. These signal injection exercises suggest that a higher S/N of the transmission spectra is required to detect the planetary absorption features, and this can be done by stacking data from the observations of more than three cycles of the transit of a planet with a small-scale height such as WASP-189 b at BOAO facilities.

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant effects of rice cookies containing different percentage of freeze-dried plum powder (3%, 5%, 6%, and 12%). The density of the dough and the thickness of the rice cookies from the control group and the additive group were not significantly different. The pH value of the dough, its moisture content and spread factor, as well as the Hunter’s L and b values of the rice cookies significantly decreased as the amount of dried plum powder added increased. However, the sweetness, hardness, thickness, Hunter’s a value, total polyphenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, DPPH and ABTS free radials scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the rice cookies significantly increased as the amount of dried plum powder added increased. Overall, the results of this study showed that adding dried plum power enhanced the antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of rice cookies.

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Yanggaeng prepared with various amounts of watermelon radish flesh (WRF) powder, in ratios of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of the cooked white bean paste. The proximate composition, pH, sugar content, Hunter’s color values, texture analysis, and antioxidative activities of Yanggaeng were examined. Increasing the amount of WRF in the Yanggaeng tended to increase the crude ash, carbohydrate, sugar, total polyphenol, total flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents, a value, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, with decreasing the moisture and crude protein contents, L and b values, and pH. Texture measurement scores in terms of springiness, chewiness for Yanggaeng showed that 2.5% or 5.0% group was higher than those of the control group. Hardness was higher in the sample groups than in the control group. In conclusion, the results show that Yanggaeng with up to 7.0% added WRF powder can be developed as products, and there is a possibility of developing health functional snack products using WRF powder.