Climatic change affects agricultural, environmental and livestock production. Forage productivity is highly dependent on the weather change. The Pyeongchang region has more difficulty in cultivation of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids (SSH) than other warm regions because of the cold weather. This experiment was carried out to analysis the agronomic characteristics, productivity, and nutritive value of three cultivars of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids in the Pyeongchang region from 2021 to 2022. Two harvests were taken in each year, and the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, and nutrient content of the whole SSH crops were determined. The plant height ranged between 281-291 cm and 165-172 cm in the first and second harvest, respectively. Plant height of Superdan (291±49 cm) was the highest in the first cut and Dairy mens Dream (172±30 cm) was the highest in the second cut time. Stem diameter ranged from 9.5 to 8.8 mm with Superdan having a higher level than the other two cultivars. The Dairy mens Dream variety produced significantly higher dry matter yield (15,695 kg/ha) than those of Superdan (14,584 kg/ha) and Supergreen (14,300 kg/ha) over a two-year experimental period. In terms of nutritional quality, the crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of SSH cultivars were analysed. There were no significant changes in the content of CP, ADF and NDF ranges among the cultivars. In addition, the Superdan cultivar had slightly higher CP content (10.17%) and was followed by Dairy mens Dream (9.84%) and Supergreen (9.54%) in the second cut time of 2-year average. Dairy mens dream had lower ADF and NDF values than other cultivars; however, no significant differences amongst cultivars in fiber content were observed. Therefore, these three cultivars displayed the potential growth characteristics, DM yield and nutritive values in Pyeongchang region. Hence, the SSH cultivars have a potential to withstand the climatic change and improve SSH productivity in the study area.

In this study, the safety and efficacy of an spot on formulation composed of Fluralaner (40mg/kg)and Moxidectin (2mg/kg) against internal and external parasites was evaluated in Korean cats. The product was developed as a topical use in cats to prevent or control internal and external parasites including ticks, fleas, gastrointestinal parasites, ear mite and heartworm. As a result of the study, targeted for total 30 cats from 8 Korean animal hospitals, this combination of Fluralaner and Moxidectin was found to be very safe in cats, and its effectiveness against external parasites (ticks, fleas, and ear mites) was fully verified. In addition, As the animals exposed in the infective circumstances of heartworm and gastrointestinal parasites were remained negative during the study period of 12 weeks after treatment of test drug, it was determined that this product had a potential preventive effect against the heartworms and gastrointestinal parasites.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

리튬이온배터리는 높은 에너지 저장 효율과 환경 지속 가능성으로 점점 더 많은 관심을 받고 있다. PU 기반 리튬이온배터리에 사용되는 기존의 고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 바인더는 높은 유연성과 기 계적 강도를 제공하여 전극의 부피 변화를 감소시키고 구조적 안정성을 확보하는데 효과적이지만, 이와같 은 고분자 계열의 바인더는 전기전도도가 낮고 생산 및 폐기 과정에서 환경 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라 서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 고분자계 바인더의 단점을 해결하고자 고분자계 바인더로 많이 사용되는 PU 기 반 리튬이온배터리에 비해 향상된 전기화학적 성능과 안정성을 가진 새로운 바인더로서 석유계 피치 (SM260)/고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 복합소재 기반 바인더를 개발하였다. 특히, PU 바인더가 적용된 리튬 이온배터리는 100 사이클 후 가역 용량이 80 mAh/g으로, 초기 용량의 25%의 용량 유지율을 나타낸 반면, 본 연구에서 개발한 석유계 피치 (SM260)/고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 복합소재 복합 바인더가 적용된 리 튬이온배터리는 100 사이클 후 가역용량이 208 mAh/g으로 유지되고, 초기 용량의 68% 용량 유지율을 나 타내었다.

This study focused on Issey Miyake’s 14 womenswear collections from spring 2018 to fall 2024. Reviews and reports on these collections and the designer were collected from the American Vogue and the Women’s Wear Daily websites using the keyword “Issey Miyake.” Drawing upon the dress criticism model, this study analyzed the form of Miyake’s fashion designs identifying styles, descriptive features, and aesthetic values through the collection photographs. Implicit evaluations were derived through external interpretations and sociocultural analysis based on reviews and reports of Miyake’s collections and designs. The results were as follows: Miyake’s fashion design is avant-garde in style. Descriptively, Miyake introduced variations in silhouette through the three-dimensionality of pleats, exploring a new sculptural order. The aesthetic values of Miyake’s works extend beyond the fashion show realm, embodying natural beauty wearable in daily life, artistic beauty through the three-dimensionality of pleats, and a pursuit of new aesthetic values challenging existing systems and traditional norms. Externally interpreted, Issey Miyake is recognized for his diverse, practical, and innovative designs, and as the first Japanese designer to present shows in Paris. Sociocultural interpretations characterize of Issey Miyake’s works as a blend of tradition and modernity, an expansion of form through pleats and three-dimensional sculptural qualities, the result of ongoing research and development, possessing timeless qualities transcending eras, and a pursuit of practicality and artistic excellence.

본 연구는 절화 국화의 수경재배와 토경관비재배 시 생육 특 성을 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 초장, 절화의 생체중 과 건물중은 토경관비재배에서 증가하였다. 식물체 내 전질소, 칼륨 및 칼슘의 함량도 토경관비재배에서 더 높았다. 반면에 줄기 직경은 수경재배에서 3.7mm로 증가하였다. 또한 개화소 요일수도 토경관비재배보다 수경재배에서 3일 정도 단축되었 고, 줄기 1개당 꽃 수도 19.6개로 수경재배에서 더 많았다. 결과 적으로 토경관비재배에서 식물체 내 무기염류 함량이 높고, 초장이 길어지고 생체중, 건물중이 증가하였지만 수경재배보다 개화기는 지연되었다. 또한 토경관비재배보다 수경재배에서 줄 기 직경이나 꽃 수 등이 증가하였다. 따라서 재배자의 입장에서 국화 수경재배를 통해 양분과 수분 공급량의 조절에 의한 개화 기의 조절, 조기 개화 및 절화 품질 향상 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Habenaria radiata, commonly known as the Egret Flower, is a critically endangered terrestrial orchid facing rapid population decline due to overharvesting in Korea. Asymbiotic seed propagation offers a promising conservation method for this rare species. This study investigates the effects of different nutrient media on the germination and plantlet development of immature seeds of H. radiata, with the goal of establishing optimal propagation conditions. Among four media types, with the highest germination rate (75.6%) observed on OBTSG medium, followed by 1/2 MS, OMM, and OSGM. Protocorm development varied across media, with OBTSG and OMM supporting the most robust growth. A two-step culture method involving OBTSG for germination followed by OMM for plantlet development proved most effective, achieving an 84.4% survival rate. These findings highlight the importance of media composition and transitioning for successful propagation. The results provide a practical protocol for in vitro propagation, contributing to both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts aimed at preserving H. radiata and other endangered terrestrial orchids.

기후변화로 인해 국내에서의 기온, 강수량, 호우일수가 증가 할 것으로 예측됨에 따라, 토양 답압과 높은 불투수면적 비율이 나타나는 도심지를 중심으로 정원과 공공녹지에 활용되는 식물 소재에 있어 내침수성이 중요한 특성으로 부각될 가능성이 높 다. 그러나 내침수성 식물소재에 대한 대다수의 문헌은 재배경 험이나 각 종의 서식지 환경에 기반하고 있는 경우가 많아 실험 적 검증이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 토양수분함량이 높은 서식지에서 기원한 골등골나물(Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.), 새등골나물(E. fortunei Turcz.), 좀개미취(Aster maackii Regel) 3개 종과 중간인 서식지에서 기원한 까실쑥부쟁이 (A. ageratoides Turcz.) 1개 종의 침수조건에 대한 생육반응 비교로 서식지 환경이 내침수성 평가의 유효한 지표인지 알아보 고자 하였다. 실험대상 종을 6주간 무처리(대조구), 5일 침수처리, 7일 침수처리한 결과, 골등골나물과 새등골나물은 대조구와 처리구간 생육반응에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않아 높은 수준 의 내침수성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 좀개미취는 생장반응이 처리구에서 대조구 대비 유의하게 감소하여 내침수성은 제한적 인 것으로 보였으나, 5일 침수처리구에서 광계 II의 최대양자효 율(Fv/Fm)이, 두 처리구 모두에서 지상부 대비 지하부의 비율 (R/S율)이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 침수조건의 해 소 후 회복 가능성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 까실쑥부쟁이는 처리 4 주차에 모든 처리구에서 100%의 고사율을 보여 내침수 성을 갖추지 못한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로, 서식지 환경 은 내침수성과 관련이 있다 할 수 있었으나, 내침수성의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 토양수분함량 외 다양한 환경요소들을 함께 고려해야할 필요성이 있을 것으로 보인다.

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen that affects the nervous systems of humans, pigs, and horses. It has been classified into five genotypes (G1-G5) based on molecular analysis of the pre-membrane or envelope gene. In the Republic of Korea, the predominant JEV genotype has recently shifted from G3 to G1 and G5, highlighting the need for a rapid and accurate diagnostic method. In this study, we designed specific common and differential primer sets for JEV G1, G3, and G5 to detect the JEV gene. Four specific primer sets for JEV G1, G3, and G5 were used to selectively amplify the target gene. The detection limits of the common primer set for JEV G1, G3, and G5 were 100, 0.1, and 10 TCID50/reaction, respectively. The detection limits of the three differential primer sets were 1, 0.1, and 1 TCID50/reaction, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with non-JEV reference viruses. We successfully developed a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to distinguish the three JEV genotypes. Our multiplex RT-PCR assay is highly sensitive and specific, providing a reliable tool for confirming JEV infection in suspected samples. Additionally, our assay can be applied to suspected mosquito samples and commercial veterinary biological products.

Bearing-shaft systems are essential components in various automated manufacturing processes, primarily designed for the efficient rotation of a main shaft by a motor. Accurate fault detection is critical for operating manufacturing processes, yet challenges remain in sensor selection and optimization regarding types, locations, and positioning. Sound signals present a viable solution for fault detection, as microphones can capture mechanical sounds from remote locations and have been traditionally employed for monitoring machine health. However, recordings in real industrial environments always contain non-negligible ambient noise, which hampers effective fault detection. Utilizing a high-performance microphone for noise cancellation can be cost-prohibitive and impractical in actual manufacturing sites, therefore to address these challenges, we proposed a convolution neural network-based methodology for fault detection that analyzes the mechanical sounds generated from the bearing-shaft system in the form of Log-mel spectrograms. To mitigate the impact of environmental noise in recordings made with commercial microphones, we also developed a denoising autoencoder that operates without requiring any expert knowledge of the system. The proposed DAE-CNN model demonstrates high performance in fault detection regardless of whether environmental noise is included(98.1%) or not(100%). It indicates that the proposed methodology effectively preserves significant signal features while overcoming the negative influence of ambient noise present in the collected datasets in both fault detection and fault type classification.

Seeds of some barberry species have embryo with physiological dormancy that requires a cold stratification for germination. Berberis amurensis Rupr. is a native species of Japan, Korea, the Russian far east, and parts of China. This specific plant is important for its edible fruits and rhizomes with high medicine value. This study aimed to determine the effect of stratification on germination and physiological change of B. amurensis. Seeds were placed on sterilized sand medium moistened with distilled water in 9 cm diameter petri dishes and stored at 4 and 25˚C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Each treatment had 40 seeds per replica, and three repetitions per treatment. Immediately after stratification, total phenolics contents (TPC) was analyzed and seeds incubated at 15/6˚C for 12 weeks. Warm stratification had a significant effect on seed forcing for germination than cold stratification treatment. At 25˚C for 60 days, stratified seed showed highest germination percentage (25.7±4.3%) and germination started in 14 days of the stored period. Whereas TPC was significantly decreased with increasing stored period. Contrastively, cold stratification had no effect on the germination ability. In the same way germination percentage of non-stratified seeds were also zero. The results confirmed that B. amurensis seeds were in a dormant state and warm stratification increased the germination ability by breaking of dormancy.

Activated carbon is generally recognized as an applicable material for gas or liquid adsorption and electrochemical devices, such as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Owing to the continuous increase in its price, research aimed at discovering alternative materials and improving its fabrication yield is important. Herein, organic pigments were ingeniously employed to enhance the fabrication of high-surface-area activated carbon with remarkable efficiency. Moreover, the focus was centered on the assessment of activated carbon derived from 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, also known as CI Pigment Red 122 for its capacity to adsorb tetracycline (TC) and its applicability as an electrode material for EDLCs. Activating these organic pigments with varying potassium hydroxide ratios allowed the fabrication of activated carbon with a higher yield than that for conventional activated carbon. Furthermore, it was confirmed that activated carbon with a very high specific surface area can be efficiently fabricated, demonstrating a remarkable potential in various application fields. Notably, this activated carbon exhibited an impressive maximum specific surface area and a total pore volume of 3,935 m2/ g and 2.324 cm3/ g, respectively, showcasing its substantial surface area and distinctive porous characteristics. Additionally, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to examine the TC adsorption on the activated carbon, with the Langmuir model demonstrating superior suitability than the Freundlich model. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of an activated carbon-based electrode for EDLCs was rigorously evaluated through cyclic voltammetry. The specific capacitance exhibited a considerable increase in proportion to the expanding specific surface area of the activated carbon.

Magnons have unique properties, including long propagation length, and can exist in insulators. Magnon valve structures, which consist of two magnetic insulating layers, offer a promising approach for advanced magnetoresistive randomaccess memory (MRAM) technology and an alternative to the limitations of traditional electronic devices. In this study, we investigate a magnon valve structure that incorporates a platinum (Pt) spacer between two magnetic insulator layers, specifically yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG). Structural characterization of the YIG/Pt/YIG magnon valve was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the high-quality growth of the multilayer structure. The magnon valve behavior was assessed through vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and spin Seebeck effect (SSE) measurements. Our results demonstrate magnon valve behavior, which becomes apparent as the Pt spacer reaches a thickness sufficient to decouple the magnetization of the YIG layers. The magnon valve ratio of the magnon valve can be modulated, and clarity of the those states can be enhanced.

본 연구의 목적은 밀레니얼 세대의 조직몰입을 증진시킬 수 있는 요인을 밝히고 해당 변인들 간의 관 계를 알아보는 것이다. 구체적으로 윤리적 리더십이 밀레니얼 세대의 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 경로에 서 일 의미감 7가지 하위요인의 매개효과를 검증하였으며, 연구문제에 따라 소속감, 잠재력의 표현, 영감 요인 등 세 가지 하위요인을 중심으로 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 대한민국 MZ세대 직장인 212명을 대상으로 윤리적 리더십 척도, 일 의미감 척도, 조직몰입 척도를 활용하여 설문을 실시하였다. 연구결 과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 윤리적 리더십, 일 의미감 7가지 하위요인, 조직몰입 간 상호 유의한 상관관계를 확인하였다. 둘째, 윤리적 리더십은 MZ세대 직장인의 조직몰입에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 윤리적 리더십이 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 일 의미감의 매개효 과를 살펴본 결과, 소속감과 영감 요인이 두 변인의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 MZ 세대가 리더를 윤리적으로 인식할수록 조직에 대해 높은 소속감을 지각하는 동시에 리더로부터 영감과 같은 긍정적 영향력을 받아 조직에 더욱 몰입할 수 있음을 시사한다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 시사점, 한계점과 후속연구의 필요성에 관하여 논의하였다.