This study aimed to compare effects of cultivation areas (upland and reclaimed land) and harvest time on contents of bioactive components and antioxidant activities of wheat sprouts. Contents of Ca and K were higher in upland, while content of Mg was higher in reclaimed land. Mineral content decreased after winter, regardless of the harvest time. Total dietary fiber increased by 24.3% in reclaimed land and improved by 45.2% after winter, with Ariginheuk showing the highest fiber content (34.41 ± 0.53 g/100 g). Total polyphenols increased by 48.6% in reclaimed, but decreased by 26.7% after winter. Similarly, flavonoids increased by 87.8% in reclaimed land but declined after winter. Content of octacosanol, a key bioactive compound, was 33.2% higher (7.75 ± 0.09 mg/g) in Ariginheuk grown in reclaimed land and decreased after winter. Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and DPPH assays increased by 51.4% and 82.4%, respectively, in reclaimed land, with pre-winter harvests showing higher scavenging abilities. Overall, reclaimed land generally showed higher contents of bioactive components, with contents of pre-winter harvests being more beneficial. These findings highlight significant differences in wheat sprouts' physiological activities based on cultivation area and harvest time, suggesting that reclaimed land and pre-winter harvesting might offer advantages.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of Phellinus linteus (PL) water extract against carrageenan- and cotton pellet-induced acute and chronic inflammation in rats. Animals were divided into four experimental groups for conduct of acute and chronic inflammations studies: the vehicle control group, positive control group (aminopyrine 100 mg/kg), PL 10 mg/kg group, and PL 20 mg/kg group. Oral administration of PL water extract has dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects against both acute and chronic inflammation models. In carrageenan-induced paw edema, significant inhibition was observed at 0.5 and 1 h in the PL 10 mg/kg group and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h in the PL 20 mg/kg group. In cotton pellet-induced granuolma formation, PL water extract at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day also showed significant inhibition in dry weights of granuloma. Results of the free radical scavenging assay showed that PL has a dose-dependent scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The results obtained in this study indicate that this plant material may be used beneficially as an anti-inflammatory agent having antioxidant action.