생성형 인공지능의 급속한 발전은 사회 전반에 광범위한 영향을 미치며, 일상생활을 포함한 다양한 분야 에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능 기술의 발전 동향을 대규모 언어모델(Large Language Models, LLM)을 중심으로 살펴보고 생성형 인공지능 기반 솔루션이 정치 및 공공 부문의 효율성과 서비스 최적화 에 기여하고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 미국, 싱가포르, 인도 등의 사례분석을 통해 인공지능 도구가 선거의 확장성과 시민과의 상호작용 개선에 역할 할 수 있다는 것을 주장한다. 동시에, 대규모 언어모델의 실사용 과정에서 제기되는 편향성, 허위정보 확산, 규제 공백 등의 쟁점들을 고찰할 필요가 있음을 지적한 다. 요컨대, 생성형 인공지능은 민주주의 발전과 공공서비스 증진에 대한 가능성을 제공하지만, 기술의 지속 가능하고 적실한 활용을 위해 투명성, 공정성과 책임성을 고려한 사용이 요구된다.

Digital games are conducted by the interaction between players and characters. Even if it’s same in the MOBA games, the characters in these games are not the ones which players can bring themselves in. But they do occur player’s semiotic process by controlling them. To prove this hypothesis, this study analyzes the correlation between MOBA game player and game character based on the player’s consumption behavior. The two MOBA games, League of Legends and Heroes of the Storm have been selected for the study, by the reason of semiotic difference between the characters. As focusing on the particular structures of MOBA games, this study can confirm the characteristic of this game genre.

Kim Jeong-yeon. 2012. Intimacy and Gender in Expressing Gratitude in L2. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 115-147. This study examines how Korean learners of English perform the speech act of ‘gratitude’ according to the variables of intimacy and gender. In a contrastive analytic framework, their behaviors are cross-examined against Korean native and English native speakers in terms of their choice of strategies and uses of politeness markers. The data have been obtained from 43 Americans and 91 Koreans assigned to three groups: English native speakers, Korean learners of English, and Korean native speakers. A discourse completion test and a subsequent interview revealed Korean learners of English showed a similar pattern as Korean native speakers in the uses of politeness markers to emphasize their thanking by intimacy levels. However, the way in which they deal with gender in English was divergent not only from American but also from Korean. They depended on the strategy of compliment while performing the speech act of gratitude, and were inclined to use negative politeness strategies, similar to the Korean language group. Korean EFL textbooks and classrooms, therefore, need to include not only more diverse contexts in which ‘gratitude’ is necessary, but also the ways in which the English speech act is performed in a culturally appropriate manner. (195 words) Keywords: gender, gratitude, intimacy, politeness, speech act

This study aimstoexaminetheinterplay between on-linetalk irrelevanttoatask, i.e., gossip talk, and participant alignment during task processing. Specifically, this study examines qualitatively how the gossip talk contributes to L2 interactants' configuration of participant alignment during on-lineproblem-solving activities.Thedataconsistofthescripts ofmorethansixty hoursofL2on-linechatting ofcollegelevelEnglish learners. The qualitative, empirical analysis has shown that the participants'knowledgeofextra-taskworldisdisclosedduringthegossip talk eitherbetween problems to solve oratthe beginning ofthe chat. The task-embedded gossip occurring between problems to solve has generatedfewerturnsthan thechat-opening gossip.Thetask-embedded gossip wasalsolimited in itseffectson reconfiguration ofparticipatory structure and functioned only to reconfirm the predefined participant framework. Chat-opening gossip, by contrast, made significant contributions to emergent participant alignment, which was reflected during thetaskprocessinginthesubsequentturns.Thefindingsindicate thattheunfocusedaction,i.e.,thegossiptalk, contributestothefocused action, i.e, task processing, in terms of construction of participant alignment

This paper examines two English discourse markers, "yeah" and "kin'of," in two nonnative speakers' turns of voluntary corrective actions. From a conversation analytic perspective, the two items are examined in terms of their functional properties during the nonnative speakers' turns. Two nonnative English speaking graduate students, working as teaching assistants in an engineering lab of an American university, participated in the study. The analysis of the dyadic interaction between the nonnative speakers and the native English speaking undergraduate students revealed that the nonnative speakers used "yeah" and "kin'of" in a significantly different manner from the target language norms. In their endeavor to create a shared meaning with their students they often engaged in word- and structure searches, during which they used the discourse markers as the fillers to a possible void in talk. An examination of the spatial location and functional properties of the items also revealed that the markers were more rule-governed in the nonnative speakers’ talk than other hesitation markers. The findings indicate the importance of examining the discourse functions of the markers in the discussion of nonnativeness.

In this paper, we consider the problem of regrouping a number of service sites into a smaller number of service sites called centers. Each service site is represented as a point in the plane and has an associated value of service demand. We aim to group the sites so that each group has the balanced service demand and the sum of distances from the sites in the group to their corresponding center is minimized. To solve this problem, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm that is combined with Voronoi diagrams. We provide a variety of experimental results by changing the weights of the two factors: service demands and distances. Our hybrid algorithm finds good approximate solutions in a shorter computation time in comparison with optimal solution by integer programming.