1분 간격 자동 잎면적 분석을 통해 온도에 따른 담배거세미나방 유충의 섭식과 발육을 조사하였다. 20, 25, 30℃의 세 온도에서 피망 잎을 배지에 부착하여 담배거세미나방 유충에 제공하였고 하루에 한번내지 두번 새로운 잎을 갈아주었다. 30℃에서 담배거세미나방 유충은 탈피 직후 섭식을 즉시 시작하여 1회 섭식은 10~15분 지속하고, 60~90분 간격으로 섭식을 하였다. 이러한 섭식 행동은 약 30~50시간 지속되며 탈피 직전 10~16시간 동안은 섭식이 중단되었다. 탈피 후 앞서의 섭식 패턴은 다음 영기에서 동일하게 반복되었다. 25℃에서 담배거세미나방 유충의 영기 내 섭식 기간은 약 32~53시간 지속되며 탈피 전 비섭식 기간은 16~22시간 지속되었다. 20℃에서는 영기 내섭식 기간은 60~133시간으로 크게 증가하고 비섭식 기간도 11~38시간으로 다른 온도에 비해 길어졌으며 다른 온도와 달리 7령충까지 발육하였다. 2령충에서 고치 형성 전까지의 발육 시간은 20℃에서는 39046분(27.1일)이 소요되었고 25℃에서는 17626분(12.2일), 30℃에서는 14168분(9.8일)으로 조사되었다. 각 온도별 유충의 섭식량은 영기에 따라 지수적으로 증가하였다.

Red meats are important animal foods because of their nutritional aspects, but the over-consumption of red meat produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by heme iron and induces colorectal cancer. The effect of orally administered hemin and calcium provided in drinking water for 6 weeks on colon carcinogenesis was observed in male ICR mice. After the mice were acclimated for 1 week, they received three subcutaneous azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg b.w.) injections weekly and were provided with 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) via drinking water for the next week. The mice were divided into three groups: the control, hemin, and hemin + calcium groups. The orally administered daily dose of hemin was 2 g/kg b.w., and 0.05% calcium was provided daily via drinking water. Colonic mucosa samples were stained with methylene blue, and then, the numbers of aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were counted. Lipid peroxidation in feces was estimated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The total numbers of AC and ACF per colon in the hemin group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Calcium treatment significantly decreased the numbers of ACF and AC in the colon of mice. The TBARS value in the feces of the hemin + calcium group was significantly lower than that in the feces of the hemin group. These results showed that hemin enhances the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in the colon of mice and that calcium decreases the risk of colon carcinogenesis.

Several properties related to longevity and reproduction of O. scapulalis adults were investigated on nine constant temperatures (13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 36℃). Thirty mating pairs on each temperature were separately prepared on the emerged days of adults, supplied with distilled water and 10% sucrose solution in small plastic cages, and observed every day. The adults could not produce fertile eggs on 13 and 36℃. The highest mating rate (ca. 47%) was observed on 19℃, and the lowest mating rate (3.3%) on 34℃. The mean longevity of mated female was observed in the range from ca. 9 to 52 days, while that of male was in the range from 10 to 31 days. The mean pre-oviposition period was longest (ca. 16 days) on 16℃ and shortest (ca. 3 days) on 31℃. The oviposition period was longest (ca. 16 days) on 19℃ and shortest (ca. 3 days) on 34℃. The low fecundity (ca. 22∼25 eggs/pair) was observed on 16 and 34℃, while 147∼416 eggs per pair were produced in other temperatures. The production pattern of fertile eggs on each temperature was analyzed. Fifty percent of production of fertile eggs was observed most rapidly on 3-day-old female at 28℃. In this study, a few properties of the mated adults were compared to those of the unmated one. Finally a few models were adopted to generalize some properties.

The adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of serious insect pests against the red bean, Vigna angularis. Adult emergence, mating and oviposition behaviors of the insect were investigated in a constant condition of 25±1℃, 15L:9D (light: dark) photoperiod, and 60±10% relative humidity, for the purpose of collecting fundamental data for elucidation of adult biology and female sex pheromone. The circadian rhythmic behaviors were observed at 30-min interval during the experiments, and the data was analyzed at one-hour interval. Adult emergence was observed for 15 hours from 2 hours before lights-off to 4 hours after lights-on in a row, and ca. 90% emerged in scotophase. Adults did not mate within the emerged scotophase and the following photophase. Mating was observed only in the scotophase, and ca. 95% of mating occurred for 5 hours from 2 hours after lights-off to 2 hours before lights-on. The result was different from the main mating time in the previous reports. Mean mating rate at 0- to 4-day-old pairs was ca. 50%. It took almost one day from mating to oviposition, but oviposition 2 days after mating was observed in 0-day-old adult pairs. Adult pairs older than 7-day-old could not mate.

Mutant analysis is one of most optimized genome-wide approach towards acquiring utile phenotypes and defining related genes. Gamma-irradiation, an acknowledged way of mutant-generating method, was applied to gain sets of mutant line in Brachypodium distachyon. B. distachyon is a model plant, commonly used in genus of Gramineae for the research of structure genomics and functional genomics. B. distachyon contribute to rapid and easy analysis because of its small size and quick growth. Mutant population was generated by different doses of gamma-irradiation (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 Gy) in the gamma field phytotron. Distance from the source gives same irradiation duration for each plant. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf length & width, internode number & diameter, maturity and yield components (ear number biomass) were scored on M0 plants. Plant responses to different doses of radiation are evaluated and the effective radiation dosages to generate mutant using gamma-phytotron are suggested. Chronic irradiation using gamma-phytotron is useful tool to generate mutants for genomic variations such as SNP or INDEL as well as suitable for functional study of genes in Gramineae.