This study aimed to examine the changes in dry matter yield and growth characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to variations in sowing dates during the autumn season of 2021-22 in a dry paddy field of Chilbo-myeon, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do. Treatments comprised four sowing dates at 10-day intervals, i.e., October 8, October 18, October 28, and November 8, 2021. The winter survival rate of alfalfa showed a significant difference between different treatments but was at a satisfactory level for all (p<0.05). The winter survival rate for the fourth sowing date, a month later than the first sowing date, was approximately 11.7% lower than that for the first sowing date. The plant height ranged between 82.3–93.1 cm and 60.5–63.7 cm at the first and second harvest, respectively, smaller at the second harvest than at the first harvest. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa was the highest at 13,316 kg/ha for the first sowing date, and the later the sowing date, the lower the dry matter yield. The protein content of alfalfa ranged between 13.6–17.3% in the first harvest, lower than the standard alfalfa protein content of 20% or more. In relative feed value, the first sowing (Oct. 8) was the most significantly higher in the first harvest (p<0.05). These results suggest that the early and mid-October sowing dates are optimum for sowing alfalfa during autumn and result in improved plant growth, dry matter yield, protein content, and winter survival compared to those at later sowing dates. Therefore, dry paddy fields can be safely employed for alfalfa cultivation with sowing dates in early and mid-October during autumn.

본 연구는 조제유류 중「식품의 기준 및 성분규격」에 기준 규격이 설정되어 있지 않으나 제품에 함유되어 있는 베타카로틴에 대해 분석법을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 조제유류에 함유된 베타카로틴 함량 분석을 위해 HPLC를 이용한 분석법을 확립하고 시중에 유통 중인 제품을 대상으로 적용성을 검토하였다. 베타카로틴 표준품을 이용하여 HPLC를 이용한 기기분석조건을 확립하고 시료 중의 베타카로틴을 추출하여 분석하였다. 분석법 검증은 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계 및 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성에 대해 수행되었다. 0.125~2 mg/L의 농도범위에서 R2=0.999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 확인할 수 있었으며, LOD와 LOQ는 각각 0.1, 0.2 mg/L였다. 표준물질 첨가법을 이용하여 정 확성을 검토하였으며, 81~120%의 회수율을 확인할 수 있었다. 정밀성을 검토한 결과 시료 채취량에 따른 반복성은 RSD값이 2.1~4.9%, 실험실간 교차검증을 통한 실험일자에 따른 재현성은 4.0 RSD(%)로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 분석법을 적용하여 조제유류 13건, 성장기용 조제식 7건 등 국내 유통 중인 제품 20건에 대해 적용성 검토를 실시한 결과 전체 시료에서 분석이 용이하였으며, 모두 표시기준에 적합함을 확인하였다.

As information technology advances, the penetration of smart devices connected to the Internet, such as smart phone and tablet PC, has rapidly expanded, and as sensor prices have fallen the Internet of Things has begun to be introduced in the industry. Today's industry is rapidly changing and evolving, requiring companies to respond to the new paradigm of business. In this situation, companies need to actively manage and maintain customer relationships in order to acquire loyal customers who bring them a high return. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method to manage customer relationship using real time IoT data including IoT product usage data, customer characteristics and transaction data. This study proposes a method of segmenting customers through RFM analysis and transition index analysis. In addition, a real-time monitoring through control charts is used to identify abnormalities in product use and suggest ways of differentiating marketing for each group. In the study, 44 samples were classified as 9 churn customers, 10 potential customers, and 25 active customers. This study suggested ways to induce active customers by providing after-sales benefit for product reuse to a group of churn customers and to promote the advantages or necessity of using the product by setting the goal of increasing the frequency of use to a group of potential customers. Finally, since the active customer group is a loyal customer, this study proposed an one-on-one marketing to improve product satisfaction.

In recent years, pavement distresses have been caused by diverse factors such as spalling, deterioration of repaired sections, blow-up, and alkali aggregate reaction due to changing climate environment of a concrete pavement and its construction and maintenance conditions (supply of materials, increase in use of de-icers, etc,). As a leading repair method for deteriorated concrete pavements, partial-depth repair is implemented in accordance with guidelines of material properties for joints of a concrete pavement and field application evaluation systems, but still some of the repaired sections become deteriorated again at an early stage due to poor construction quality and failure of response to environmental impacts. Distresses that can be corrected with partial-depth repairs are largely divided into those of repair materials and of the existing pavement bonded to repair materials, and combined distress of repair materials and the existing pavement. Although re-repair methods should be different by distress type and scale than conventional pavement repair methods, appropriate repair methods and guidance for re-repairs have not been in place so far, and therefore currently, re-repair practices follow the existing manual of partial depth repairs. Therefore, this study evaluated concrete bond characteristics by removing method and repair scope for an experimental section of frequently distressed pavements to determine a re-repair scope and method for deteriorated partial depth repair sections of concrete pavement, the number of which has increased over time.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of macrophages on growth of human colon cancer cells. The results showed that co-culture of colon cancer cells with macrophages inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT116 and SW620) depending on the number of macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and activated THP-1 cells accompanied by down regulation of pSTAT3 in cancer cells. We also found that expression and release of cancer cell growth inhibitory cytokines, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and IL-10, was increased in macrophages. Blocking of the STAT3 pathway with specific inhibitor and siRNA of STAT3 abolished the growth of colon cancer cells and expression of IL-1ra and IL-10. In addition, neutralization of IL-1ra and IL-10 with antibodies resulted in reversal of macrophage-induced inhibition of cancer cell growth. These data showed that IL-1ra and IL-10 released from macrophages inhibit growth of colon cancer cells through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway.

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum (A. distichum) leaves that were prepared via air-drying. Fresh and air-dried A. distichum leaves were examined via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and measurements of the reducing power. The suppression effects on inflammation of the leaves were analyzed by a western blot and RT-PCR on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, the antioxidant activity of the fresh leaves was found to be more effective than that of the air-dried leaves. Also, the fresh leaves were more effective in suppressing the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 than the air-dried leaves, thereby indicating the better anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the contents of phenolic compounds and acteoside were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the acteoside content decreased with the use of the air-drying method, while there was no change in the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study indicated that fresh A. distichum leaves potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors that are involved in the production of NO, which were found to be better than those of air-dried A. distichum leaves. These biological activities were also found to be independent of the content of phonolic compounds and were assumed to be directly or indirectly related to the content of acteoside.