The site used for a nuclear facility can be released after decommissioning if the results of dose estimation meet the regulatory requirements and the site release is approved by the regulatory body. RESRAD-ONSITE, developed by the Argonne National Laboratory, is a computer code used to estimate the dose to the residents on radiologically contaminated sites. The dose estimation for site release should consider various exposure pathways, including inhalation, ingestion, and external exposure. This study used RESRAD-ONSITE to evaluate the internal exposure dose and identify radionuclides due to the intake of food produced on radiologically contaminated sites. The upper limit of the clearance level of radionuclides expected to remain at the site was used as the source terms for the dose evaluation. In addition, the amount of food intake per capita was obtained from eight countries using nuclear power generation as of 2020. The default values of RESRAD were used for other parameters except for intake by type of food and source terms. As a result of the dose evaluation, the contaminated water and vegetables showed a great contribution to the exposure dose. The dose due to tritium in drinking water was highest in the third year. In addition, regarding the intake of vegetables, the internal exposure due to 90Sr was the highest in the first year.

The Erythropeltidales are a common group of small, mostly epiphytic, marine red algae. However, they are little known in Korea. Many of the described species of Erythropeltidales differ subtly in morphology, and often the morphological differences are due to the substrate or environmental changes. Integration of molecular data with stan- dardized culture conditions has been recommended to account for these algae. A Madagascaria species was first collected from the western coast of Korea and was identified as Madagascaria erythrocladioides based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphological characteristics conformed well with its original description, and the phylogenetic analysis based on rbcL sequence showed Korean M. erythrocladioides nests in the same clade with the original species described in Japan with a genetic distance of 0.0-0.1%. This species was isolated from a red alga, Pterocladiella capillacea, in laboratory culture. The thallus ontogeny and host preference were examined by a co-culture with 13 different species of algae. Results showed a relatively broad host preference in mono-spore attachment and epiphyte development of Madagascaria erythrocladioides. Mono-spores of M. erythrocladioides attached to most of the red algal hosts’ surfaces but no crustose thalli developed on some of the algal hosts even after one month of co-culture.

Acacetin, which is present in damiana (Turnera diffusa ) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia ), has several pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of acacetin on head and neck cancers has not been clearly established. This study aimed to examine the effects of acacetin on cell growth and apoptosis induction in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. These were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation assay, and immunoblotting in FaDu cells. Acacetin induced FaDu cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with an estimated IC50 value of 41.9 µM, without affecting the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts as normal cells. Acacetin treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in the FaDu cells. It promoted the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 with increasing amounts of the cleaved caspase isoforms in FaDu cells. Acacetin-induced apoptosis in FaDu cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting showed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but upregulation of the mitochondria-dependent pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Badin FaDu cells after acacetin treatment. These findings indicate that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells via both the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is considered as a serious pest in pine trees. To develop an eco-friendly strategy to manage this forest insect, we collected entomopathogenic fungi from Korean soil and assessed their virulence against the adults of the insect in laboratory conditions. As a result, two isolates with conidial suspension (1.0×107conidia/ml), showed 87% and 90% mortality 12 days after fungal treatment, respectively. We assessed the potential of the fungi-derived destruxin and protease as additives to the fungal isolates, and they showed insecticidal activity via feeding and spraying treatments. Finally, we produced fungal conidia in massive solid cultures and formulated wettable powders, and now studying optimal conditions of oil-based formulation with two isolates. Based on these results, we are evaluating the control efficacy of the fungal agents against M. alternatus in field conditions.

광범위큰 B세포 림프종은 비호지킨림프종의 대표적인 아형으로 공격적 림프종이며 원발성으로 담낭에 발생한 림프 종은 일부 증례를 통한 보고가 있지만, 담낭에 단독 재발한 광범위큰 B세포 림프종은 국내에서 보고된 바가 없다. 본 증례는 상복부의 통증과 황달의 임상증상 및 복부컴퓨터단층 촬영 그리고 양전자 방출 단층촬영에서 만성 담낭염과 담낭 암으로 추정하여 수술 후 조직검사를 통해 재발한 광범위큰 B세포 림프종으로 진단할 수 있었다. 저자들은 과거 회장에 발생한 광범위큰 B세포 림프종으로 치료를 시행하여 완전완 화가 유도된 이후 다른 장기 혹은 림프절 전이 없이 단독으로 담낭에 재발한 광범위큰 B세포 림프종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

이 연구는 형질전환 고추로부터 토양 근권 미생물로의 유전자 이동 가능성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 재배중인 오이 모자이크 바이러스 저항성 고추와 대조구의 근권토양으로부터 DNA를 추출한 후 형질전환 고추 도입유전자에 특이적인 프라이머를 사용하여 PCR 분석을 수행하였다. PCR 결과 도입유전자인 NPTII 유전자가 수집된 전 기간의 근권 토양 샘플에서 발견되었다. 발견된 도입유전자가 고추로부터 토양 미생물로의 유전자 이동에 의한 결과인지를 조사하기 위하여 토양 샘플로부터 미생물들을 분리하여 카나마이신이 첨가된 세균 및 진균 배지에 배양하였다. 약 43만개의 세균 코로니와 16만개의 진균 코로니를 조사 한 결과 카나마이신에 저항성을 나타내는 개체는 발견되지 않아 형질전환 고추로부터 근권 미생물로의 유전자이동은 발생하지 않은 것으로 사료되었다.

본 연구에서는 하수오를 이용하여 50% 에탄올 추출물과 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 제조하고, 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화, 세포 보호 및 항균 효능을 평가하여 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한, 하수오에 주요하게 존재하는 성분의 활성도 검증하였다. HPLC-DAD, LC-EIS-MS를 통해 분석한 결과, 하수오의 주성분은 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG)이었다. 페놀류 및 THSG 함량은 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 에탄올 추출물 보다 각각 11.1 및 3.0배 높게 나타났다. DPPH 자유 라디칼 및 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2 시스템에서 생성된 ROS에 대한 소거 활성 평가에서, 에틸 아세테이트 분획물은 에탄올 추출물 보다 뛰어난 소거 활성을 나타냈다. 특히 ROS 소거 활성 평가에서 에틸 아세테이트 분획물과 THSG은 L-ascorbic acid와 동등한 소거 활성을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 수행된 광증감 반응으로 유도된 적혈구의 산화적 손상에 대한 세포 보호 활성은 에틸아세테이트 분획물, 에탄올 추출물, THSG 순서로 나타났으며, 모든 실험군이 양성 대조군으로 사용한 (+)-α-tocopherol보다 우수한 활성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 항균 활성 평가는 S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans 균주를 대상으로, disc diffusion assay와 broth microdilution assay를 이용하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 추출물, 분획물 및 THSG 모두 모든 균주에 대해 항균 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 그람 양성균인 S. aureus에 대해 methyl paraben보다 우수한 항균력을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 하수오가 항산화, 세포 보호 및 항균력에 관한 천연 소재로의 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.

This study was performed to investigate the growth characteristics and inorganic components of Codonopsis lanceolata regarding regional differences. The plant height of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata was 373.6 cm, so it’s revealed that it has more vigorous growth than Korean won. The flowering time of Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was 2 weeks faster than Japanese one. Total fresh weight of root was 41.0 g and 39.0 g for Korean and Japanese respectively, thus, no significance difference was found. However, regarding fresh weight, Korean one had a more fresh weight (35.4 g) of main root parts, but Japanese one had a more fresh weight (9.6 g) of the lateral root part. Each inorganic component was found more in the aboveground parts, regardless of the region and the content of K was the largest. Regarding the content of macroelements for each part of Codonopsis lanceolata, the content of Na, Mg, P, S, and Ca in Korean Codonopsis lanceolata was found the highest on the leaf, followed by stem and root. In the case of Japanese Codonopsis lanceolata, same result was found on the content of Mg and Ca, however, the highest content of Na and P was found in the stem.

This study was conducted to compare the growth, inorganic components, and proximate components of Codonopsis lanceolata grown in 10 regions of Korea for selecting superior species and breeding by crossing. Among the all tested lines, the shortest plant height (217.12 cm) was observed from the Ulleungdo region line (No. 4) while the longest (273.9 cm) was observed from Hwasun region line (No. 9). In addition, the lines of central and northern region (No. 1~No. 7) tend to have shorter plant height than those of southern region (No. 8~No. 9) except Jejudo region line (No. 10). Flowering tends to be late towards southern region, and lines in central and northern regions were started flowering about 2 weeks earlier than those in southern regions. However, the heaviest root weight was 13.1 g, found in only Jejudo line (No. 10) whereas there was no significant difference found in the other regions which have a range of 8.3~11.0 g. The inorganic components were varied in each line, however, proportion of macroelements, such as K, Ca, and P, was the largest for every line. Especially for Heongseong region line (No. 2), had larger proportion of macroelements than the others. There was a difference of proximate compositions of Codonopsis lanceolata, except the moisture content, among all regions, however, it was generally shown that the content of crude protein (1.31~3.76%) and crude fiber (2.18~3.12%) was the highest.