Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), which is a curcuminoid found in turmeric, has anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of DMC on osteosarcoma has not been established. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of DMC on cell growth and apoptosis induction in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. This study was investigated using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromid assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and immunoblotting in MG-63 cells. DMC induced MG-63 cell death in a dosedependent manner, with an estimated IC50 value of 54.4 μM. DMC treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in MG-63 cells. DMC-induced apoptosis in MG-63 cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting results showed that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were downregulated, while Bax and Bad were upregulated by DMC in MG-63 cells. These results indicated that DMC inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells via the death receptormediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring antioxidant and has been previously used to treat diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the autophagy effects of ALA against oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell injury remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ALA in autophagy and apoptosis against oxidative stress in the SH-SY5Y human dopaminergic neuronal cell line. We examined SH-SY5Y phenotypes using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (cell viability/proliferation), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride nuclear staining, Live/Dead cell assay, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. Our data showed ALA attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced ROS generation and cell death. ALA effectively suppressed Bax up-regulation and Bcl-2 and BclxL down-regulation. Furthermore, ALA increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC-3 autophagy biomarkers was decreased by ALA in our cell model. Combined, these data suggest ALA protects human dopaminergic neuronal cells against H2O2-induced cell injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis.

Acacetin, which is present in damiana (Turnera diffusa ) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia ), has several pharmacologic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effect of acacetin on head and neck cancers has not been clearly established. This study aimed to examine the effects of acacetin on cell growth and apoptosis induction in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells. These were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live/Dead cell assay, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation assay, and immunoblotting in FaDu cells. Acacetin induced FaDu cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with an estimated IC50 value of 41.9 µM, without affecting the viability of L-929 mouse fibroblasts as normal cells. Acacetin treatment resulted in nuclear condensation in the FaDu cells. It promoted the proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8, and -9 with increasing amounts of the cleaved caspase isoforms in FaDu cells. Acacetin-induced apoptosis in FaDu cells was mediated by the expression of Fas and activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Immunoblotting showed downregulation of the anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, but upregulation of the mitochondria-dependent pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Badin FaDu cells after acacetin treatment. These findings indicate that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in FaDu human pharyngeal carcinoma cells via both the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Resveratrol (3,4',5,-trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin present in grapes, exerts a variety of actions to reduce superoxides, prevents diabetes mellitus, and inhibits inflammation. Resveratrol acts as a chemo-preventive agent and induces apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. However, the role of resveratrol in odontoblastic cell differentiation is unclear. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on regulating odontoblast differentiation was examined in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. Resveratrol significantly accelerated mineralization as compared with the control culture in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly increased expression of ALP mRNA as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly accelerated expression of ColⅠmRNA as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly increased expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Treatment of resveratrol did not significantly affect cell proliferation in MDPC-23 cells. Results suggest resveratrol facilitates odontoblast differentiation and mineralization in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, and may have potential properties for development and clinical application of dentin regeneration materials.

복분자, 갈근 및 녹차 추출분말이 각각 1%(w/w)로 첨가된 조미액으로 제조된 한우 육포의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 복분자, 갈근 및 녹차 추출분말이 첨가된 조미액의 항산화 활성은 무첨 가구에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 식물류 추출분말이 첨가된 육포의 전단가는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, 색차(ΔE)는 시료 간에 미미하였으며, 전반적인 기호도는 녹차 추출분말이 첨가된 육포 (G-BJ)에서 다소 높게 평가되었다. 육포의 저장과정 중 수분활성도는 저장 2주째에 대조구에서 유의적 으로 증가되었으나, 식물 추출분말이 첨가된 육포는 저장 1주에 비해 유의적인 증감을 보이지 않았다. 저장 4주 경과 후에는 모든 시료에서 수분활성도가 다소간 증가되는 경향이었다. 식물 추출분말이 첨가 된 육포를 4주간 실온에 저장하는 동안 지질과산화물의 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였다. G-BJ는 4주간 저장되었을 때 2주간 저장된 시료에 비해 유의적인 증가 현상을 보이지 않았다. 식물 추출분말이 첨가 된 육포의 항산화 활성은 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 특히 G-BJ에서 가장 높았다. 한우 육포 의 제조 시 식물 추출분말의 첨가는 육포의 전단가 감소와 항산화 활성을 증가시킴으로써 육포의 품질 향상에 효과적일 것으로 예상된다.

한우육과 수입산 우육(호주 및 뉴질랜드)으로 육포를 제조하여 품질특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교하였 다. 육포의 두께는 한우육포에서 다소 두꺼웠고 전단가는 수입산보다 유의적으로 낮았으며, 표면색은 시료간에 차이가 적었다. 육포에 대한 전체적인 선호도는 뉴질랜드산 우육으로 제조한 육포와 한우육포 가 호주산 우육으로 제조한 육포보다 높은 것으로 인지되었다. 4주 동안의 실온 저장 시 저장기간의 경 과에 따른 수분활성도는 한우육포가 가장 낮았다. 육포를 4주간 실온에 저장하는 동안 지질과산화물 함 량은 수입산 우육으로 제조한 육포에 비해 한우육포에서 함량 변화가 적었다. 육포의 총 페놀 및 플라 보노이드 함량은 한우육포와 호주산 우육으로 만든 육포에서 서로 비슷한 수준이었다. 육포의 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 및 환원력은 시료 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 한우육포는 저 농도(10∼50mg/mL)에서 항산화 활성이 높은 경향이었다. 한우육포는 전체적인 선호도 및 항산화 활성 이 높아 저장 안정성이 우수한 바, 한우육은 기능성 측면에서 육포 제조에 적절할 것으로 여겨진다.

목적: 이 연구는 안경사의 1일 근무시간이나 정기휴무 등의 복지관련 실태를 조사하여 복지를 개선하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 부산시안경사회에서 2012년 4월 보수교육시 533명(남자 379명, 여자 154명)의 안경사를 대상으로 안경사 복지에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 일반사항 10문항과 복지증진관련사항 20문항의 총 30문항으로 구성되었다. 결과: 안경사 실무자들이 휴직이나 이직을 고려하는 가장 중요한 이유는 장시간의 근무시간(38%)과 정기 휴무제 미흡(17%) 때문이었다. 업무와 관련된 스트레스는 안경사의 절반 이상(56%)에서 스트레스 정도가 높거나 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 업무에서 가장 가치를 두고 있는 것이 정기 휴무제 실시(36%)와 1일 근무시간 단축(34%)이지만, 실제 정기휴무를 실시하는 안경원은 33%에 불과하였다. 그리고 안경사의 72%가 현재 1일 11시간 이상을 근무하고 있고, 대부분의 안경사인 95%에서 희망하는 1일 근무시간은 8~10시간이었다. 안경사의 91%가 정기 휴무제 실시를 찬성하고 있고, 또한 휴무제 시행에도 적극 동참할 의사를 밝혔다. 결론: 장시간의 1일 근무시간과 정기 휴무제 미흡으로 인한 열악한 근로조건은 고용상태를 불안정하게 만들고, 업무와 관련된 스트레스를 가중시키고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 모두가 동참하여 안경사의 복지를 향상시켜나가야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 산림복합경영사업의 관리와 활성화를 위한 정책적 시사점을 찾기 위하여 참여 작목반원들의 의식조사, 산림복합경영사업 관리 등에 대하여 중요도·만족도 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 국유림에서 추진중인 산림복합경영사업에 대한 작목반원의 만족도는 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한, 총 15개의 항목중에서 중요도·만족도 분석을 통해 산림복합경영사업에서 집중적 관리전략이 필요한 분야로 전자상거래 및 직거래 활성화, 생산 및 판매 유통정보 2개 항목이 도출되었다. 그리고 현 상태의 지속적 유지가 필요한 분야는 6개 항목, 낮은 우선순위를 가지는 분야는 3개 항목, 과잉노력을 지양해 할 분야는 4개 항목으로 도출되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 산림복합경영사업의 추진방향 설정 및 제도개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구의 목적은 응답자의 사회ㆍ경제적 상황에 따 른 산림경관에 대한 지불의사금액의 차이를 구명함에 있다. 이를 위해 통계적 기법을 활용하여 사회ㆍ경제적 상황에 따른 지불의사금액의 차이를 분석한 결과, 산림 을 접할 때 가장 높은 금액을 지불할 의사가 있는 것으 로 나타났다. 그리고 남자보다는 여자가 더 높은 지불 의사금액이 나타났으며, 전문직, 자영업 등 경제적 여 유가 있는 직업보다는 생산직, 공무원 등과 같이 시간 적 여유가 있는 직업에서 높은 지불의사금액이 나타났 다. 그리고 연령에서는 은퇴 후인 60대에서 산림경관에 대해 지불할 의사가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 가구당 소 득에 있어서는 소득이 증가할수록 지불의사가 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으나 1,000만 원 이상 고소득층에서는 오히려 지불의사가 가장 낮게 나타난 점이 흥미롭다.

To reveal the relationship between the changes in the growth and photo- synthesis induced by low dose radiation, red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were serially irradiated three times with gamma rays of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy. The plant growth was mo

The changes in the volatile organic compounds in plum after its electron beam irradiation and storage were determined using the simultaneous distillation extraction method and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. There were 44, 46, 45, 47, and 38 volatile compounds in the 0-, 0.25-, 0.5-, 0.75-, and 1 kGy irradiated samples, respectively. Also, the volatile flavor components of the plum that was stored for 30 days were identified as 48, 40, 40, 39, and 40 components. The compositions of the volatile compounds of the control and irradiated samples showed a similarity after the storage. Especially, the more important volatile flavor of the plum was identified as hexanal of the C6compounds, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal. In particular, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol increased in all the doses, where as hexanol and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol decreased. Among the lactone compounds, γ -hexalactone, γ-octalactone, and γ-decalactone were identified during the storage period in the raw samples. Hexanonic acid and 2-hexenoic acid were not identified during the storage of the samples, and 2-methylprrole was detected only when the storage samples were irradiated at a dose higher than 0.5kGy. Therefore, it was shown that there was no effect on the variation of the volatile organic component suntil 1 kGy in the plum was irradiated with an electron beam.

The production of sweet (su) and super sweet corns (sh2) has been economically feasible in Korea in recent years. Major factors limiting super sweet corn production are low germination and low seedling vigor. Since seed quality is closely related to seed maturity, the optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet and super sweet corns was studied and the quality of seeds with varying maturities was investigated in 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons. The parents of the sweet corn seeds were Hybrid Early Sunglow and 'Golden Cross Bantam 70' and those of super sweet corn were Xtrasweet 82 and 'For­tune'. Seeds were harvested at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after silking (DAS). As the seeds developed, seed weight of sweet corn increased and the seed moisture content decreased faster than that of super sweet corn. Germination rates of sweet corn seeds harvested 21 and 28 DAS at 25~circC and emergence rates in the cold soil test were significantly lower than those of seeds harvested after 42 DAS in both years. Although the germination rates of super sweet corn seeds with varying maturities showed similar patterns as sweet corn seeds at 25~circC , the emergence rate of super sweet corn seeds in cold soil test continuously increased with seed maturity. This suggests that seed quality of super sweet corn should be tested in a cold soil test to estimate field emergence. As the seeds developed, leakage of total sugars and electrolytes from the both sweet and super sweet corn seeds decreased up to 42 or 49 DAS. The α-amylase activities of both sweet and super sweet corn seeds increased with seed maturity from 21 to 35 or 49 DAS depending on genotype and year. The optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet corn was 42 DAS and 49 DAS for super sweet corn considering emergence rate and plumule dry weight in the cold soil test, leakage of sugars and electrolytes from the seeds, and α-amylase activity.

The responses of soybean seeds were evaluated to accelerated aging and gamma irradiation with regard to germination, seed leakage, seed leachate component and dry weight of hypocotyl and primary root of the germinating seed. Accelerated aging significantly reduced the final germination rate while gamma irradiation increased the final germination rate. Furthermore, the interactive effects occurred that the final germination rate of 5-day aged seeds increased considerably in response to 4 Gy of gamma irradiation. The extent to which the electrolyte was leaked from the seeds (conductivity) was significantly affected by accelerated aging and showed a close negative correlation with the germination rate. Gamma irradiation, however, did not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of seed leachate. The accelerated aging significantly increased the concentrations of the particular electrolytes leaked from the seeds while the gamma irradiation did not affect those concentrations. Of the electrolytes leaked from the seeds, Ca and Mg showed relatively lower concentrations while K showed greater concentrations than others. Moreover, N and P showed similar responses to aging treatment. Aging treatment significantly affected dry weight (DW) of hypocotyls and primary root. Also, gamma irradiation decreased DW of hypocotyls and primary root, particularly for 8 Gy associated with 5 days aging treatment. The data were discussed in terms of the relationships of seed vigor with aging treatment and gamma irradiation.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the deleterious effects of accelerated aging on seed vigour and viability are alleviated by interaction with gamma irradiation. Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.) were artificially aged and subsequently irradiated with 4 and 8 Gy of gamma irradiation. Germination rate was negatively affected by accelerated aging and positively by gamma irradiation, with a positive interaction of a 3day-seed aging treatment occurring with 4 Gy, possibly suggesting that 4 Gy of gamma irradiation partially offset the adverse effects of seed aging on germination. However, 5-day aged seeds did not gain any benefits from the gamma irradiation. Electrolyte leakage from the seeds increased with the duration in days aged. Irradiation, however, did not impose any effects on the leakage. Respiration rate of the seed with hypocotyl and primary root was significantly low for the aged seeds, but not for the seeds with both irradiation and aging treatments. Accelerated aging decreased the dry weight of the hypocotyl and primary root of the seeds without any measurable effects of irradiation. α -Amylase activity decreased with seed aging and positively responded to gamma irradiation. The data is discussed with regard to the possible roles of gamma irradiation for improving the seed vigour and viability of aged seeds.