Pollutants generated by the biodegradation of livestock carcasses have the potential for contamination of the environment. Hence, livestock mortalities burial has been banned in the EU. In spite of the hazard, research on the biodegradation of livestock carcasses is lacking. In this study, five lysimeters were used to evaluate the enhanced biodegradation of organic materials in livestock mortalities burial. Lysimeter 1(control), lysimeter 2(grinding of livestock carcass), lysimeter 3(anaerobic microorganisms), lysimeter 4(Corynebacterium glutamicum in anaerobic condition) and lysimeter 5(Corynebacterium glutamicum in aerobic condition) were operated with temperature control. The degradation efficiencies of livestock carcass in the lysimeters were evaluated based on total organic carbon balance. The degradation efficiencies of ground livestock carcass were 1.9 times more than those of livestock carcass without grinding. In anaerobic condition, anaerobic microorganisms were more effective compared with Corynebacterium glutamicum on the biodegradation of livestock carcasses. However, the degradation efficiencies with Corynebacterium glutamicum in aerobic condition were significantly influenced on the biodegradation of livestock carcasses. Even if it would be helpful to degrade the livestock carcass in aerobic condition in terms of stabilization, potential risks on the environment by odor and bioaerosol must be solved.

‘희망찬’품종은 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 다수성 품종을 육성할 목적으로 2000년 하계에 ‘밀양165호’를 모본으로 ‘신동진벼’와 ‘YR19105-Acp222’를 교배한 F1을 인공 교배한 계통이다. F3 이후부터는 계통육종법에 의하여 육성 선발하여 2008년부터 2009년까지 생산력검정을 실시한 결과 수량성이 높고 내병성인 ‘HR22431-B22-4-2-1’계통을 ‘익산525호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. ‘익산525’호는 2009년부터 2011년까지 3년간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 수량성이 높고 내병성이 강한 우수한 계통으로 인정되어 2011년 12월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정 심의회에서 ‘희망찬’으로 명명하였다. ‘희망찬’의 주요특성을 보면 보통기 다비재배에서 평균 출수기가 8월 17일로 ‘한마음’보다 3일 늦은 중만생종이다. ‘희망찬’의 간장은 96 cm로 ‘한마음’보다 15 cm 크며, 주당수수 및 수장은 각각 11개, 23 cm로 비슷하고 수당립수는 114개로 많다. 등숙비율은 85.9%로 ‘한마음’보다 높으며, 현미천립중은 27.2 g으로 일반 품종보다 무거운 편이다. ‘희망찬’ 쌀의 외관은 심백이 약간 있으나 ‘한마음’보다 아밀로스 함량이 낮고 밥맛이 좋으며, 특히 가래떡 제조에 알맞은 품종이다. ‘희망찬’의 내병충성에 있어서는 도열병, 흰잎마름병 레이스 Kl-3 및 줄무늬잎마름병에는 저항성 반응을 보였으나 멸구 및 매미충류에는 약한 반응을 보였다. 내냉성에 있어서는 유묘 내냉성이 ‘한마음’보다 강한 편으로 임실률은 약간 높다. ‘희망찬’의 쌀수량은 6개 지역의 보통기 다비재배에서 6.18 MT/ha로 ‘한마음’보다 4% 증수되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 ‘희망찬’의 재배적응지역은 중부이남 평야지 1모작지에 알맞은 품종이다.

‘Subo’ is a new japonica rice variety developed by a cross breeding between HR21124-B-59 and HR19567-B-70-3 having a good Phenotype with a multi-resistance and high yield elite line. The new variety developed for direct seeding by the rice breeding team in Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2012. The heading date of this variety is August 13 and earlier than that of check variety, Nampyeongbyeo, by two days. ‘Subo’ has 72cm of culm length and 104 spikelets per panicle in direct seeding cultivation. This variety showed resistance to bacterial leaf blight and rice stripe virus and have germinating ability in sumerged soil conditions. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and very clear non-glutinous endosperm. ‘Subo’ has much better palatability of cooked rice than that of Nampyeongbyeo. The whole grain rate of milled rice are 86.9% and milled rice recovery of are 74.6%. The yield of ‘Subo’ in direct seeding cultivation is 5.55MT/ha in milled rice. ‘Subo’ could be adaptable to the southern part plain area of Pyeongtaek and southwestern in Korea.

‘Hyeonpum’ is a new japonica rice variety developed by a cross breeding between Iksan469 having a good canopy architecture and Sindongjin and Musashino 7 having a good eating-quality with a view to develop a new variety having high quality of grain and palatability by the rice breeding team of Rice Breeding and Cultivation Research Division, Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2012. The heading date of this variety is August 18 and later than that of check variety, Nampyeongbyeo, by four days. ‘Hyeonpum’ has 74cm of culm length and 101 spikelets per panicle. This variety showed resistance to bacterial leaf blight and rice stripe virus, but susceptible to leaf blast and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and very clear non-glutinous endosperm. ‘Hyeonpum’ has much better palatability of cooked rice than that of Nampyeongbyeo. The whole grain rate of milled rice and milled rice recovery of ‘Hyeonpum’ are slightly higher than those of Nampyeongbyeo as 91.8% and 75.2% respectively. The yield of ‘Hyeonpum’ is 5.6 MT/ha in milled rice. ‘Hyeonpum’ could be adaptable to the southern part plain area of Pyeongtaek and southwestern costal areas in Korea.

“aegseolchal”is a new Japonica type waxi rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a across between Iksan435 which is highly tolerant to lodging and high yield potential, and Iksan425 which is resistance to multiple diseases. This variety has about 120 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in middle, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 80 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. It is moderately resistant to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. “aegseolchal”is midium-short grain and the milled rice exhibits high whiteness. The milled rice yield was about 5.37 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “aegseolchal” would be adaptable to plain areas south of the Chungnam Province of Korea.

“unbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Iksan433 resistant to bacterial blight and Miyadamamochi, a waxy line. at Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar is a short grain shape and about 118 days of growth duration from transplanting “unbora”to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. The milled rice are snow white and glutinuous. This cultivar shows high resistant reactions to the bacterial blight pathogen race K1～K3 and blast respectively. The milled rice yield of “unbora”is about 5.34 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “unbora”would be adaptable for in the middle plain, north middle-mountin plain and Honam plain, and Youngnam plain areas of Korea.

“Dami”is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between Iksan438 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and Iksan426 This variety has about 122 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 83 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “ami”has high Quality, midium short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.92 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “ami”would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea.