Effect of confining pressure on the shear strength of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRCs) was investigated using a new shear test setup. Different confining pressures were applied and maintained to the specimens prior to shear testing. The shear strength of UHPFRCs was obviously sensitive to the confining pressure: the higher confining pressure produced higher shear strength. The confined shear strength could be expressed as a function of unconfined shear strength, confining pressure, and tensile strength.

이성봉은 신자가 회개의 십자가와 체험의 십자가, 그리고 율법을 극복한 십자가와 자신과 세상을 매장한 십자가를 발견할 것을 늘 강조하였다. 그 리스도인의 신앙은 바로 십자가의 이런 단계적 체험을 통해 성장한다는 것 이다. 본고는 이성봉의 생애와 설교, 사역을 통해 나타난 그리스도의 십자 가의 도의 여러 단계들을 논하였다. 십자가 신앙은 이성봉의 설교사역에서 뿐만 아니라 생애 전 과정에서 적용되고 구현되었다. 그에게 십자가는 실 제였고 전체였다. 오늘날 십자가의 도가 “죄 용서”라는 기초적 수준에서 취급되는 하락한 교회 상황에서 이성봉은 십자가가 모든 것임을 말로써 삶 으로써 죽음으로써 보여주었다. 십자가는 인간 예수의 나약한 죽음만이 아 니었다. ‘사람의 아들’ 예수는 구속을 위한 심판의 제물로서 자신의 목숨을 우리를 대신하여 하나님께 드렸고 성령은 그분의 보혈을 취하여 살아 있는 피가 되게 하여 우리를 위한 하나님의 의의 증표가 되게 하셨다. ‘마지막 아담’으로서 예수는 십자가에서 자신의 육체로써 아담 안에 있는 모든 부 정적인 것들을 다 처리하셨다. 십자가는 우리의 육신도 끝냈고 자아도 종 결시켰고 세상도 종식시켰다. 이성봉의 사역이 진실로 가치 있고 회상 되 어야할 이유는 부흥사역의 횟수와 결과라는 단순한 외적 성취가 아니다. 십자가의 도로써 승리한 사역자였기 때문이다.

This research investigated the effects of adding ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the pullout resistance of smooth steel fibers embedded in GGBS cement grouts. 40% of cement in the grouts was replaced with GGBS to enhance the flowability and durability of grouts containing steel fibers. The pullout resistance of steel fibers embedded in grouts showed continuous enhancement as the age of grouts increased. The pullout resistance of GGBS grouts was higher than that of grouts without GGBS.

This paper reports the development of upgraded strain energy frame impact machine (SEFIM) with larger and faster impact capacity. The impact load capacity of SEFIM was improved by applying a 200 tonf hydraulic jack while the impact velocity was significantly increased by reducing the diameter of energy frame and by applying different materials in the energy frame. In addition, the length of transmitter bar was increased to capture pure material response by avoiding the influence of reflected stress wave in the transmitter bar. Experimental test results showed the faster strain rate (186 /sec) than that (10-40 /sec) of previous SEFIM.

The effect of steel fiber types on the self-sensing capacity of strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (SH-SFRCs) was investigated. Three types of fiber, including twisted, smooth and hooked fibers, were used with a volume content of 1.5% in a mortar matrix. Although all the SH-SFRCs exhibited self damage-sensing capacity, the gauge factor, representing for damage-sensing ability, was different according to the types of fiber as follows: twisted (138.09) > smooth (99.85) > hooked (88.50). The SH-SFRC with twisted fiber produced the highest gauge factor which is very favorable for development of self damage-sensor.

This research investigated the influence of adding SRA(Shrinkage reducing agent) on the direct tensile behavior of UHPFRC(Ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete). The experimental test results revealed that the post cracking strength and strain capacity for the cement hydrated cement paste without at SRA were higher than that incorporate with 1% SRA.

In this study, the electrical resistivity of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) with four different types of steel fiber were investigated namely as twisted fiber, hooked fiber, smooth fiber (0.2 mm) and smooth fiber (0.3 mm). Experimental results indicate that the electrical resistivity of HPFRCC changes with type and diameter of steel fiber.

This essay explores the theological view of the Early Church Fathers on the Septuagint. The Septuagint, commonly abbreviated LXX, was the first translation made of the Hebrew Bible into the Greek. Its origin of the translation is written in the Letter of Aristeas, a document that appeared in around 2C–3C B.C. The Torah was translated first, and other books of the Scripture including the Prophetic Books and Wisdom literature were included progressively. The Septuagint was the Bible used by Apostles and the early Christians. The use of the Greek Bible provided spiritual soil for the universal Christianity which successfully incorporated Jewish ideas into the teaching of Jesus in the Hellenistic settings. On the contrary, the Jewish religious leaders that would later form the Masorates rejected the value of the LXX as Canon by upholding only the Hebrew texts. In return, church fathers pointed out the intentional blurs of the Hebrew Old Testament, by claiming that, in the text, some of the passages representing the Messianic type of Jesus were altered or taken out. The essay analyses the writings of Justin the Martyr who defended the historical value of the letter of Aristeas and the supreme place of the Septuagint as Canon of the church. Irenaeus of Lyon also claimed the LXX as the Scripture of the “catholic” church. Most of the church Fathers including Clement of Alexandria supported the inspirational translation of the Septuagint, with firm faith on the legendary tradition gradually added to the Letter. While Origen was the first Christian scholar who compared the LXX with other translations including the Hebrew text then, it was Jerome who insisted canonical value of Hebrew text over the LXX. The outcome was his Latin Vulgate. Augustine, however, persistently opposed Jerome’s translation and use of the Hebrew text. The essay focuses mainly on the debates between the bishop of Hippo and the hermit of Bethlehem.